Meta Analysis Of No-tillage And Subsoiling Affect Wheat And Maize Yield And Water Use Efficiency In Rotation Cropping

The shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the agricultural production in north China.Wheat and maize rotation system with high intensity of land use and high water consumption is the main planting system in north China and plays an important role in ensuring China's food security.In the face of increasing population pressure and increasing food demand,how to achieve efficient production on the basis of sustainable agricultural development is an important part of crop cultivation and tillage research.The response of conservation tillage in wheat and maize rotation system has been studied in many experimental areas.However,there are many problems in previous studies,such as single test site,small test area,short duration of single test,and different effects of conservation tillage under different cultivation and management measures.The results obtained are not universal and instructive for the efficient utilization of water in large area of wheat and maize rotation system.Based on the literatures published in the past 20 years,this study quantitatively analyzed the effects of no-tillage and subsoiling on winter wheat and summer maize yield and water use efficiency in wheat-maize rotation system using Meta analysis method.This study also analyzed the effects of no-tillage and subsoiling under different conditions and the water production capacity of winter wheat under different tillage methods.The main results of this study is as follows:(1)Compared with plowing tillage and rotary tillage,subsoiling has significant positive effects on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency,average increasing significantly by11.44% and 6.94%,respectively.Compared with plowing tillage and rotary tillage,the average yield of no-till winter wheat is reduced by 4.57%,and the average water use efficiency is reduced by 2.85%.For summer maize,there is no significant difference in the effects of the two conservation tillage methods.(2)No-tillage and subsoiling winter wheat perform differently under different environmental conditions.Compared with plowing tillage and rotary tillage,no-tillage winterwheat's reduction in yield and water use efficiency in areas with an average annual temperature ?12? are lower than those in areas with an annual average temperature >12?.Subsoiling has a more significant effect of increasing yield and efficiency in areas with an average annual temperature of >12?.Yield and water use efficiency of no-till winter wheat changed from a significant negative effect to a positive effect with the increase of regional average rainfall.There is no significant difference in the performance of subsoiling winter wheat in areas with annual average rainfall of 400-600 mm and 600-800 mm,and both are better than no-tillage.The effect of no-tillage and subsoiling on fine-structured soil is better than that of medium-structured soil,and there is no significant difference in relative water use efficiency between no-tillage and subsoiling on fine-structured soil.(3)No-tillage and subsoiling winter wheat perform differently under different cultivation and management methods.Compared with plowing tillage and rotary tillage,no-tillage winter wheat yield and water use efficiency showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the extension of the no-till duration.In the case of subsoiling,which lasted for 1-6 years,it showed an effect of increasing yield and efficiency.As the duration of subsoiling continued to extend,relative to plowing tillage,it had no significant increase in winter wheat yield and water use efficiency,and it has no significant difference with no-tillage.Under rain-fed conditions,there was no significant difference in the effects of no-tillage and subsoiling on winter wheat;but under irrigation conditions,the effect of subsoiling was significantly better than no-tillage.The effects of no-tillage and subsoiling on winter wheat were not significantly different under the condition that the previous corn stalks were removed;under the condition of returning straw to the field,the effect of subsoiling was significantly better than no-tillage.(4)Under different tillage methods,the yield of winter wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of water consumption.When the water consumption during the growth period is >350 mm,under the same water consumption,the water production capacity of winter wheat in subsoiling is higher than the other three tillage methods,and the water production capacity is in the order of subsoiling>no-tillage = rotary tillage>plowing tillage.Based on the above analysis results,in the wheat-maize rotation system,subsoilingbefore sowing of winter wheat and no-tillage in the maize season are a reasonable combination of annual tillage methods to achieve high yield and efficient use of water.Cooperating with returning maize stalks to the field,irrigating at the appropriate time during the growing period,and carrying out rotations of inter-annual tillage methods,the effects of subsoiling can be brought into full play.