Study Of Banana Stem Compost Producting And Their Biological Effects

Banana is evaluated as one of the four major food crops by the United Nations food and agriculture organization (FAO). It has been cultivated for a long time in China, and the planting area also increased year by year. Banana brought enormous economic benefits to the people, at the same time, it also produced a large number of by-products. These residues are disposed in the fields, then natural decayed, which not only polluted the environment, but also breed and spread diseases and insect pests, which reduced the disease resistance of crops, and intensified the banana wilt disease and a series of soil borne diseases, and indirectly harmed the sustainable development of the banana industry in China. In this paper, the banana stalk was used as main raw material, and swine manure and eucalyptus bark were used for adding materials, it has studied on the physical, chemical and biological indices during composting processes of different formulations, and the biological experiment which using organic fertilizer producted in the compost was carried out. The test results show that:1. Temperature, EC value, total carbon, total nitrogen, NH4+-N and C/N all can be used as evaluation index of co-composting of swine manure and banana stem. The treatment C4(banana stem37.5kg, swine manure12.5kg) and treatment C5(banana stem32.5kg, swine manure17.5kg) in the28days of composting, on the8th day respectively reached the highest temperature58and59℃, the high-temperature duration respectively were6and12days, the number of banana fusarium in the both pile body were below103a/g dry soil. The method of PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the results of microbial communities in different periods of treatment C4, in the high temperature phase of composting, the bacterial richness was the highest in fertilizer, and the stripe number up to65.5, individual distribution was more uniform, and the treated aromatic-wiener index (H’) was great. However, Community stability index reached the highest at the end of the compost when the compost pile temperatures tend to ambient temperature, which was0.92higher than the minimum period of stability. The bacteria in the compost mostly were uncultured bacterium.2.In the study of different proportions of banana stem, swine manure and eucalyptus bark composting, the composting process completed in28days, The best formula T1(banana stem15.00kg, swine manure30.75kg, eucalyptus bark4.25kg) and T2(banana stem15.00kg. swine manure28.00kg, eucalyptus bark7.00kg) respectively reached the highest temperature on the2nd and8th day, whose highest temperature both were56.33℃. Their high temperature lasted for the longest time, which were10d and11d respectively. And each nutrient content was relatively high, among which T1(N%+P2O5%+K2O%) was5.72%, which has reached the national standards of organic fertilizer. The quantity of culturable microorganism in T2were higher than other treatments.3. The high temperature composting of swine manure and banana stem, the treatment C5(banana stem32.5kg, swine manure17.5kg), after90days growth, its leaf blade number was17.37, and plant height was36.00cm, stem diameter was12.30cm, its leaf area has reached667.50cm2, the quantity of culturable banana Fusarium oxysporium Pathogenic bacteria in potting soil was at least, the biological effect was the best; After planting for four months, the field test of swine manure and banana stem high temperature composting showed that the leaves didn’t have significant difference and all were more than20pieces, and treatment c5(banana stem32.5kg, swine manure17.5kg) plant height was100.00cm, stem diameter was36.25cm, its leaf area has reached5012.00cm2, SPAD value was59.40, the biological effect was the best; In the study of different proportions of banana stem, swine manure and eucalyptus bark composting, the compost of treatment T1(banana stem15.00kg, swine manure30.75kg, eucalyptus bark4.25kg) after planting for90days, the banana leaf blade number was17.33, and plant height was31.33cm, stem diameter was14.44cm, its leaf area has reached628.75cm2, the quantity of culturable banana Fusarium oxysporium Pathogenic bacteria in potting soil was at least, the biological effect was the best.4. Bananas were planted in pot after the high temperature composting of swine manure and banana stem, there were no significant difference in bacterial community richness of pot soil, the aromatic-wiener index (H’) of C5was the highest, the stability of each treatment lessly fluctuated, but there was a certain difference, treatment C3which had the highest aromatic-wiener index (H’) and the richness of Fungal community structure, treatment C5which had the lowest evenness and stability, In different proportions of banana stem, swine manure and eucalyptus bark compost potting experiment, treatment T3had the highest bacterial community richness of soil, the differences of evenness and stability were not significant between each treatment, the aromatic-wiener index (H’) of treatment T1, T2and T3was higher than treatment CK and T4. treatment T4had the lowest aromatic-wiener index (H’) and richness of fungal community structure, the stability of each treatment didn’t have a significant difference. 5.Seven cellulose-degrading bacteria were screened out from manure heap by using the modified cellulose-Congo red medium. Colony diameter were0.40～1.53cm. Hydrolysis circle diameter were1.97～2.90cm. The increase amount of hydrolysis circle average daily were9.85～14.50mm. The ratio of hydrolysis circle and colony diameter was D-5, which reached6.25. CMC enzyme activity increased with the extension of incubation time first and then decreased. The CMC enzyme activities of D-5and D-6, D-7all reached the maximum in the fourth day, and they were20.66U·mL-1and19.14U·mL-1,19.23U·mL-1respectively.