Water-saving And High-yield Cultivation Techniques Of Hybrid Millet In The Spring Sowing Area Under Rainfed Conditions

Climate drought and water resources shortage have become global environmental problems. The shortage of agricultural water resources have become the important restricting factors of world food production also. The hybrid millet is a major breakthrough in the corn field in recent years. It has become an inevitable choice that taking the advantage of hybrid millet and combining plastic mulching water-saving technology to developing water-saving agriculture and making use of the water resources reasonably. This paper studied six kinds of millet varieties including hybrid millet Zhang3, hybrid millet Zhang5, hybrid millet Zhang6,hybrid millet Zhang8, hybrid millet Zhang10and common millet. The hybrid millet Zhang have the effect of increase production which developed by Zhangjiakou academy of agriculture sciences. Hybrid millet Zhang3can increase yield significant, improve the water use efficiency and reduce water consumption. The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different plastic film mulching patterns by adopting4treatments, flat planting and no plastic film mulching, full plastic film mulching and flat planting, no plastic film mulching and furrow seeding and ridge film mulching and furrow seeding. The results were as follows:1. Hybrid millet Zhang varieties’production is higher than common millet. Compared with common millet, the yields of hybrid millet Zhang3, hybrid millet Zhang8and hybrid millet Zhang10increased by25.67,23.85and17.03%. The photosynthesis, leaf water use efficiency and yield water use efficiency of hybrid millet Zhang are higher than common millet all. The yield water use efficiency of hybrid millet Zhang3and hybrid millet Zhang8, the yield water use efficiency increased by38.45and12.56%compared with common millet. But the water consumption of hybrid millet Zhang is higher than common millet. It can be seen that hybrid millet Zhang is high water consumption and high water use efficiency. So this experiment will use hybrid millet Zhang from what has been discussed above.2. The yield of hybrid millet Zhang is significantly different under different planting density. The yield is the highest under number of150000-225000per hectare. There is significant difference between the spring sowing area and summer sowing area.3. The plastic film mulching can increase the photosynthesis and water use efficiency of hybrid millet Zhang. The leaf water potentials increased by0.16and0.09Mp, the photosynthetic rate increased by10.87and15.69%, the transpiration rate increased by8.5and15.95%, the stomatal conductance increased by0.0092and0.0284mol·m-2·s-1, and the leaf water use efficiency increased by13.80and1.80%, respectively, under plastic film mulching in normal and furrow planting pattern compared with no plastic film mulching.4. The plastic film mulching can increase the soil temperature and moisture content at the early stage of the growth of hybrid millet Zhang. The soil temperature and soil moisture content increased by0.83℃,1.29%and1.25℃,1.42%under ridge film mulching and furrow seeding and full plastic film mulching and flat planting compared with no plastic film mulching.5. The plastic film mulching can promote the growth and development and improve the plant height of the hybrid millet Zhang especially in the early stage of the millet growth. And it can significant increase the tillers, spike number per unit area and weight of dry matter.6. The plastic film mulching prevent drought or lessen of hybrid millet Zhang and improve the water potential. Compared with no plastic film mulching, the water potential increased by0.16and0.09MP under plastic film mulching in normal and furrow planting pattern. It exuberanted growth of leaves and improved the chlorophyll content (SPAD) in different degrees under plastic film mulching7. The yield and yield water use efficiency of hybrid millet Zhang increased significantly under plastic film mulching. The yields increased by13.25and6.64%, under plastic film mulching in normal and furrow planting pattern compared with no plastic film mulching.From the above results, it can be concluded that:(1) All the hybrid millet Zhang are high yield and high water use efficiency and hybrid millet Zhang3is the best variety.(2) Film mulching could increase the soil temperature and soil moisture content, improve the plant water status, and maintain higher leaves physiological activities increase the water use efficiency; therefore, result to significantly increase the grain yield.(3) The yield-increasing effect in full plastic film mulching and normal planting pattern was much better.