Effects Of Irrigation And Top Dressing Amount On Yield And Fruit Quality Of Tomato

According to the problem that irrigation and top dressing amount are unclear during the process of tomato planting in this locality at the spring. This tomato’s variety of experiment’s material called’ Jingguan No.1’ which is major varietiy in this locality. In order to explore accurate reference index for local tomato production, the author studied the effects of different irrigation and top dressing amount on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The amount came from this methods such as studying the amount of irrigation and fertilizer which are needed by tomato, the experience of irrigation and fertilization in tomato production, the local soil and weather situation. Five treatments in the irrigation experiment were respectively50%,75%,100%,125%and150%of standard irrigation amount during whole growth period of tomato. Five treatments in the top dressing experiment were respectively one gram, three gram, five gram, seven gram and nine gram of each plant. This study made the following main results.The effects of different irrigation amount on yield and fruit quality of tomato. In the whole observation period, with the increase of irrigation water the plant height and chlorophyll content of tomato would increase, then the two indicators above woud decrease. The plant height and chlorophyll content of the treatment whose irrigation amount is75%were the highest. The effects were not obvious on the stem diameter and leaf number. With the increase of irrigation water, the Average single fruit weight and total yield of single plant would increase, then the two indicators above woud decrease. The Average single fruit weight and total yield of single plant of the treatment whose irrigation amount is100%were the highest. The effects were not obvious on the fruit numbers of single plant. With the increase of irrigation water, the fruit shape index, hardness of tomato and vitamin C content would decrease. At the same time, the content of soluble solid, soluble sugar, organic acid, lycopene and sugar-acid rario would increase, then the five indicators above woud decrease. The five indicators above of the treatment whose irrigation amount is75%were the highest. In the same range of soil depth, the soil moisture content would be affected obviously by the irrigation amount in the harvest period, fruit period and flowering period. But in the seeding period, the effects were not so obvious. In the0-35cm range of soil depth, the effects on the soil moisture content of each treatments were significant as the change of irrigation water. In the35-65cm range of soil depth, the effects were not obvious. In this experiment, the yeild of the treatment whose irrigation amount is100%was the highest and the fruit quality of the treatment whose irrigation amount is75%was the best. Therefore the high yeild index of irrigation amount is120m3/667m2and the high fruit quality of irrigation amount is90m3/667m2for local tomatoes which are planted in plastic greenhouse at the spring.The effects of different top dressing amount on yield and fruit quality of tomato. In the whole observation period, with the increase of top dressing amount, the plant height, stem diameter and the development degree of leaves would increase, then this three indicators above woud decrease. The three indicators of the treatment whose top dressing amount is five gram of each plant were the highest. The effects were not obvious on the leaf number and chlorophyll content. With the increase of top dressing amount, the average single fruit weight and total yield of single plant would increase, then the two indicators above woud decrease。The two indicators of the treatment whose top dressing amount is five gram of each plant were the highest. The effects were not obvious on the fruit numbers of single plant. With the increase of top dressing amount, the fruit hardness would increase while the fruit shape index would drease. At the same time, the content of soluble solid, soluble sugar, vitamin C, lycopene and sugar-acid rario would increase, then the five indicators above woud decrease. The five indicators of the treatment whose top dressing amount is five gram of each plant were the highest. While the content of organic acid would increase. Meanwhile, the nitrate content woud increase at the first time, then the indicator would decrease and it would increase in the end. The nitrate content of the treatment whose top dressing amount is five gram of each plant was the highest. In this experiment, the yeild and fruit quality of the treatment whose top dressing amount is five gram of each plant were the highest and the best. Therefore when the local farmers use the compound fertilizer which is produced by one Russian company named "ACRON"(Total nutrient≥48%, N:P:K=16:16:16), the scientific top dressing amount is42.75kg/667m2for the tomatoes which are planted in the plastic greenhouse at the spring.