| This experiment was conducted to assess early energy deprivation response in compensatory growth of geese and reveal physiological regulation about adaptation to poor energy diet in geese, so as to apply compensatory growth to production.Three hundred and twelve Yangzhou geese (day13) were divided into four equal groups: control group (A),5%-energy-restricted group (B),10%-energy-restricted group (C) and15%-energy-restricted group (D), each group included six replications with thirteen birds. All birds were acclimated to the basal diet during adaptation period (13to18days). Geese in the4groups were fed the diets with following metabolizable energy (ME) levels during restriction period (19to28days):11.46,10.88,10.25and9.67MJ/kg, respectively. At the same time, Geese in the4groups had the same feed intake during restriction period (19to28days). Then, geese in the4groups were fed the same basal diet during compensation period (29to70days). The results showed as follows:1. Energy restriction during restriction period (19to28days) induced significant loss of body weight (P<0.01) and body slope length (P<0.05) at the age of28days, as well as significant loss of ADG (P<0.01) and increase F/G (P<0.01) during restriction period (19to28days). No significant differences were found in body weight among control group,5%-energy-restricted group and10%-energy-restricted group at the age of70days (P>0.05). However, body weight of geese in15%-energy-restricted group at the age of70days were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). ADG of geese in5%-energy-restricted group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01) during compensation period (29to70days). F/G of geese in5%-energy-restricted group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05) during compensation period (29to70days). There were no significant differences in ADG, ADFI and F/G between control group and5%-energy-restricted group during the whole period (19to70days)(.P>0.05). And there were no significant differences in ADG and ADFI between control group and10%-energy-restricted group during the whole period (19to70days)(P>0.05). However, F/G of geese in10%-energy-restricted group was significantly higher than that in control group during the whole period (19to70days)(P<0.05). Moreover, ADG of geese in15%-energy-restricted group was significantly lower than that in control group during the whole period (19to70days)(P<0.01), and F/G of geese in15%-energy-restricted group was significantly higher than that in control group during the whole period (19to70days)(P<0.01), but there were no significant differences in ADFI between control group and15%-energy-restricted group during the whole period (19to70days)(P>0.05). No significant differences were found in body slope length between control group and energy-restricted group at the age of70days (P>0.05). Compensatory growth index at the age of70days in5%-energy-restricted group,10%-energy-restricted group and15%-energy-restricted group were93.42%,82.79%and55.34%, respectively.2. No significant differences were found in half-eviscerated weight, eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, breast muscle weight, percentage of half-eviscerated yield, percentage of eviscerated yield, percentage of leg muscle, percentage of breast muscle and percentage of abdominal fat between control group and5%-energy-restricted group at the age of70days (P>0.05). Meanwhile abdominal fat weight of geese in5%-energy-restricted group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05) at the age of70days. Nevertheless, half-eviscerated weight (P<0.01) and eviscerated yield (P<0.05) of geese in10%-energy-restricted group and15%-energy-restricted group were all significantly lower than that in control group at the age of70days. Compared with control group, the price of diet each goose everyday in5%-energy-restricted group decreased by4.44%, at the same time economic benefits of each goose everyday in5%-energy-restricted group increased by3.49%.3. Energy restriction during restriction period (19to28days) induced significant loss of liver weight (P<0.01), duodenum weight (P<0.05), jejunum weight (P<0.05) and ileum weight (P<0.05) among all groups at the age of28days. There were no significant differences in liver weight, duodenum weight, jejunum weight and ileum weight (P>0.05) among control group,5%-energy-restricted group and10%-energy-restricted group at the age of70days. But ileum weight of geese in15%-energy-restricted group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).4. Geese in5%-energy-restricted group significantly increased the apparent availability of crude fiber (P<0.01) and energy (P<0.01) at the age of6weeks and crude protein at the age of8weeks (P<0.01). Geese in10%-energy-restricted group significantly increased the apparent availability of dry matter (P<0.05), crude protein (P<0.01), crude fiber (P<0.01) and energy (P<0.01) at the age of8weeks. Apparent availability of dry matter (P<0.01), crude protein (P<0.01), nitrogen-free extract (P<0.01), crude ash (P<0.01) and energy (P<0.01) in15%-energy-restricted group were significantly lower than that in control group at the age of10weeks.5. Geese in5%-energy-restricted group significantly increased serum total cholesterol (P<0.05) at the age of6weeks, serum glucose (P<0.01) at the age of8weeks, serum glucose (P<0.05) and serum triglycerides (P<0.01) at the age of10weeks. Geese in10%-energy-restricted group significantly increased serum glucose (P<0.05) and serum triglycerides (P<0.01) at the age of10weeks. Serum urea nitrogen of geese in15%-energy-restricted was significantly lower than that in control group at the age of10weeks.It is indicated that energy restriction during restriction period (19to28days) has an impact on compensatory growth of geese, such as production performance, internal organ development, the apparent availability of nutrient and serum biochemical parameters. At the same time, geese in5%-energy-restricted group are capable of adjusting development of liver and intestine, increase the apparent availability of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy and alter serum lipid metabolism and serum glucose metabolism to mitigate negative effects of poor energy diet and achieve compensatory growth. Geese in5%-energy-restricted group express compensatory growth in body weight, carcase characteristics, economic benefits and growth performance, so geese in5%-energy-restricted group get better compensation effect and economic benefits. |
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