Effect Of Dietary Energy Levels On Growth Performance And Serum Parameters For Landes Geese And XuPu Geese

The experiment was conducted to study effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and carcass performance, and study on early growth-development law of Landes geese and XuPu geese. The soybean oil was used for regulating dietary energy concentration. From 0 to 21 days, energy level of the first group was 13.38 MJ/kg, the second was 12.13 MJ/kg, and the third was 10.87 MJ/kg. From 22 to 70 days, energy level of the first group was 13.81 MJ/kg, the second was 12.55 MJ/kg, and the third was 11.30 MJ/kg.The study was made up of Landes geese experiment part and XuPu geese experiment part. Landes geese experiment part adopted 2×3 two factors design. An experiment was performed with 240 (female : male = 1:1) 0-day-old Landes geese. Female geese and male geese were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 4 replicates of 10 geese each, respectively. XuPu geese experiment part adopted singular factor design, 120 0-day-old XuPu geese were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 4 replicates of 10 geese each. The results showed as follows:Landes geese part:1. Final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) of male Landes geese were the highest in the middle energy level, and those of female geese were the highest in the high energy level. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) of male geese decreased with energy level increasing in the whole experiment. In the 0～21days period, ADFI of female geese increased with energy increasing. In the 22～70days period, dietary energy decreased ADFI of female geese. In the whole experiment, dietary energy reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) of male and female geese. Analysis of variance indicated: average final body weight, ADG, ADFI and FCR of male geese were higher than those of female geese. Energy level significantly affected average body weight, ADG and FCR at 21 days of age, and didn't have noticed effect on ADFI. Energy level significantly affected average body weight, ADFI and FCR at 70 days of age, and didn't have noticed effect on ADG.2 Analysis of variance indicated: sex didn't have significant effect on serum biochemical index at 14 days and 21 days of age, but aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glucose (GLU) in the serum of male geese were higher than female that of geese. Sex notably affected AST in the serum at 28, 42, 56 days of age, AST in the serum of male geese was higher than female geese, sex didn't remarkably affect the other serum biochemical index. Sex remarkably affected alkaline phospatase (ALK) at 70 days of age. Energy level had significant effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum of Landes geese at 14 days of age, and no significant effect on all biochemical index measured at 21, 28 days of age. Energy level remarkably affected GLU in the serum on day 42 and triacyglycerols (TG), GLU on day 56. Energy level had remarkable effect on uric acid (UA) in the serum on day 70.3. Sex and energy level had no significant effect on insulin-like growth FactorⅠ(IGF-Ⅰ) in the serum on day 21 and 70 (P＜0.05), but remarkably affected growth hormone (GH) in the serum (P＜0.05).4. Analysis of variance indicated: Sex significantly affected dressing percentage, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage and leg muscle percentage on day 21. Dressing percentage, semi-eviscerated percentage and eviscerated percentage on day 21 significantly increased with the increasing of dietary energy. On day 70, leg muscle percentage had remarkable difference between male geese and female geese, energy level significantly affected breast muscle percentage.5. Peptic relative weight and small intestine length: sex had significant effect on relative weight of caecum and rectum. On day 21, energy significantly affected the relative weight of liver, pancreas, small intestine and caecum. On day 70, energy significantly affected the relative weight of gizzard, proventriculus, caecum and rectum. And relative weight of gizzard, proventriculus and caecum were the lowest in the middle energy level.6. Muscle normal nutrient component: the percentage of water and crude fat in breast muscle had remarkable difference between male geese and female geese. Energy level significantly affected the percentage of crude fat and ash in the breast muscle on day 21, and had significant effect on muscle normal nutrient component on day 70. The percentage of water and crude fat in leg muscle had remarkable difference between male geese and female geese. Energy level had remarkable effect on crude protein, crude fat, and ash in leg muscle at 21 days of age, and remarkably affected water, crude protein and ash in leg muscle at 70 days of age.7. The growth-development law of Landes geese was fitted to Gompertz model. To male geese, in three energy levels, days of the inflexion was 27.78d, 27.89d, 27.49d respectively, live weight of inflexion was 1772.54g, 1863.60g, 1723.71g respectively, max weight increment was 46.45g, 50.25g, 46.18g respectively, the terminal body weight was 4821.3g, 5069.0g, 4688.5g respectively. To female geese, in three energy levels, days of the inflexion was 27.95d, 26.02d, 27.31d respectively, live weight of inflexion was 1774.34g, 1599.34g, 1610.22g respectively, max weight increment was 47.48g, 47.60g, 46.36g respectively, the terminal body weight was 4826.2g, 4350.2g, 4379.8g respectively. 8. The studies on the relativity between serum biochemical index and growth indicated that there was significant negative correlation between ALK activity and body weight, there was positive correlation between ALK and ADG, relative growth rate, those results suggested that ALK activity could reflect the growth rate of Landes geese. There was significant positive correlation between GLU and body weight, and significant negative correlation between GLU and relative growth rate. GLU could be used as a selection marker for increasing body weight. Except for the low energy level group male geese, correlation between the serum IGF-Ⅰand body weight was negative, ADG and relative growth rate in the high serum IGF-Ⅰwere higher than those of the low group. There was negative correlation between the serum GH and body weight, and positive correlation between GH concentration and ADG, relative growth rate.XuPu geese part:1. Dietary energy level had significant effect on average body weight of XuPu geese at 21 days of age, and had no remarkable effect on average body weight at 70 days of age. Energy level had no significant effect on ADG and ADFI, and had significant effect on FCR.2. Energy level remarkably affected AST, LDL, UA and GLU in the serum at 14 days of age. Energy had significant effect on the serum ALK, LDL, TG and GLU at 21 days of age. Energy significantly affected all serum biochemical index measured on day 28. On day 42, energy had remarkable effect on serum AST, LDL, TG and GLU. On day 56, the serum LDL, UA and GLU had noticed difference between experiment groups. On day 70, energy significantly affected the serum AST, ALK, TG, LDL and UA.3. Serum hormone: energy had no remarkable effect on the serum IGF-Ⅰon day 21 and 70, and had significant effect on the serum GH.4. At 21 days of age, energy significantly affected dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage, and had no remarkable effect on semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage and leg muscle percentage, and semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage and leg muscle percentage of middle energy group were the highest. At 70 days of age, energy significantly affected breast muscle percentage and abdominal fat, and had no noticed effect on dressing percentage, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage and leg muscle percentage. Dressing percentage, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage and leg muscle percentage were the highest in the middle energy level.5. Energy level significantly affected peptic relative weight at 21 days of age, had no noticed effect on small intestine length. On day 70, relative weight of liver, pancreas and small intestine length had noticed difference between all experiment group, energy had no remarkable effect on gastrointestinal tract relative weight.6. To breast muscle, energy level significantly affected the percentage of water, crude fat and ash in the muscle, and had no noticed effect on the percentage of crude protein. To leg muscle, at 21 days of age, energy significantly affected the percentage of water, and had no remarkable effect on the percentage of crude protein, crude fat and ash. Energy had on noticed effect on all muscle normal nutrient component measured at 70 days of age.7. The growth-development law of XuPu geese was fitted to Gompertz model. In three energy levels, days of the inflexion of XuPu geese was 27.98d, 27.59d, 27.84d respectively, live weight of inflexion was 1306.18g, 1251.88g, 1250.29g respectively, max weight increment was 35.79g, 36.09g, 35.68g respectively, the terminal body weight was 3552.8g, 3405. I g, 3400.8g respectively.8. The studies on the relativity between serum biochemical index and growth indicated that there was significant positive correlation between TG, GLU activity and body weight. Except for the low energy group, there was negative correlation between the serum IGF-Ⅰand body weight, and there was positive correlation between ADG, relative growth rate and the serum IGF-Ⅰ. There was positive correlation between the serum GH and body weight, and negative correlation between ADG, relative growth and the serum GH.