| Due to the irrational use of fertilizers, not only resulted in a waste of resources of fertilizers, but also has brought many adverse effects on agricultural production and ecological environment. Effects of different nutrient on agronomic characters, dry matter and nutrient accumulation, distribution, transportation and yield of spring maize were studied by using field trial. This research was uesed small agricultural machinery sowing. Five kinds of nutrient management in the same level of NPK were designed:CK (100%N supplied by urea and diammonium phosphate),Sl (50%N provided by urea and diammonium phosphate+50%N supplied by slow release urea), B1(97.4%N provided by urea and diammonium phosphate+2.6%N provided by the bio-organic fertilizer), B2(94.8%N provided by urea and diammonium phosphate+5.2%N), B3(92.2%N provided by urea and diammonium phosphate+7.8%N supplied by bio-organic fertilizer). Results showed that:1. Under the experimental conditions different treatment did not significantly affect plant height. B3treatment ears height was the lowest (123.33cm), ears height coefficient was the smallest (39.61%);stems diameter was the biggest difference with CK treatment was0.54cm, stem diameter increased by nearly20%; ratio of length to diameter was the smallest(3.85);ratio of stem diameter to plant height was the biggest(1.02%), and was0.16%larger than CK treatment. Comprehensive various agronomic characters showed that B3treatment was conducive to increase crop resistance to lodging, thereby laying the foundation for high yield.2. Different treatment had relatively large effect on spring maize dry matter accumulation. The order of total dry matter accumulation from large bell to maturity was B2> B3> S1; for B2treatment,in various growth stages, total dry matter accumulation phase volume, leaves and stems biomass accumulation showed higher levels, and transfer rate of each organ of dry matter was reduced at the same time. Dry matter accumulation of sheaths, bracts, cobs of each treatment did not show significant differences. B3treatment could increase the dry matter accumulation of grains, transport capacity, transport rate, the contribution rate of leaves and sheathes.3. Influence of different treatments on nitrogen accumulation and transportation of spring corn were bigger. B3treatment could promote the ability to assimilate nitrogen to make leaves and sheaths nitrogen contents increased in the filling stage, and nitrogen accumulation of leaf and sheaths were larger in late growth. To maturity they were decreased the largest, the amount of transfer and transfer rate of the sheaths, stems and sheaths contribution rate and the total contribution rate, were all the highest. For B2treatment, the average nitrogen content of the sheaths in the whole growth period, nitrogen content of bracts, cobs and grains, total nitrogen accumulation in the mature period, heading to maturity period, nitrogen accumulation of stems, sheaths, bracts, cobs and grains were all improved. But the transfer rate and the contribution of different organs were low.4. Phosphorus content and accumulation of maize had differences between treatments. Combined applications of bio-organic fertilizer treatment, the average phosphorus content of leaves were significantly higher than that of S1and CK treatments in the growth period. For S1treatment, phosphorus content of stems, sheaths, bracts, cobs were higher in the growth period, and its phosphorus content of sheaths was still a slight increase in the filling stage. It showed that fertilizer nutrients of S1treatment had been released in the filling stage, so that it could still provide adequate phosphorus supply to maize in the filling stage. For S1, B2, B3treatments, phosphorus accumulation of leaves, stems, sheaths, bracts, cobs and grains were showed a better accumulation tendency in the whole growth period. The total amount of phosphorus accumulation of B2treatment was higher than that of other treatments in the growth period.5. Effects of different treatments on the content and accumulation of potassium of the spring corn was more significant. For S1treatment, potassium content of leaves was the highest in the seedling stage, belling stage and filling stage, and the potassium content of leave had the largest decline from belling stage to maturing stage. It showed that S1treatment was more conducive for the leaves potassium to transfer to the grain. For B2treatment, the average potassium content of leaves and sheaths in the growth period, potassium content of stems from belling stage to filling stage, the potassium accumulation of leaves, stems, sheaths and total potassium accumulation in the growth period were improved. Potassium accumulation of sheaths, bracts, cobs of each treatment showed no significant differences. At maturing stage, potassium accumulation of grains of B3treatment was the highest (0.64g/plant), and increased12.28%than that of CK treatment.6. The impact of different treatments on spring maize production was significant. S1, B2and B3treatments obtained higher yields, but there were no significant differences in the three, and respectively increased13.52%,14.71%and15.52%than the yield of CK treatment. The order of total fertilizer investment was B3> S1> B2> CK> B1. The ultimate economic benefit of B2treatment was the highest(13,270yuan/hm2), and the difference between that of B3, S1,B1, and CK was56yuan/hm2,173yuan/hm2,453yuan/hm2,1924yuan/hm2, respectively. |
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