| This experiment is conducted in Taojiang bamboo high-yield cultivation demonstration base which is located in Taojiang Country, Yiyang City, Hunan province in2012～2013.The research launches mainly from several following aspects:surface coverage, cultivating measures and formulated fertilization to investigate their influence on the growth and yield of bamboo. It’s easily to find a more reasonable method that can improve the status of the bamboo forest of low yield according to the result. Investigation and analysis results are as follows:NO.1Surface coverage on bamboo shoot growth and bamboo forest soil temperature and moisture content(1) the influence of diffent surface muching on the height of bamboo shootSurface mulching can effectively promote the growth of the bamboo shoot.straw mulch has a major impact on the height of bamboo shoots, straw and chaff mulch ranks second, bamboo bamboo leaf mulch ranks third, the control group is worst. In regard to the average height of bamboo shoot,the largest is the bamboo which is2245.0cm from straw mulch sample area; Straw and chaff mulch, bamboo leaf mulch reach respectively1891.8cm,1314.4cm; The worst is control group, it’s only816.2cm, only make up36.4%of straw mulch. It shows surface mulching especially straw mulch can effectively promote the growth of bamboo shoot. By comparison the height of bamboo shoot of sevel types of treatments sample, straw mulch> straw and chaff mulch> bamboo leaf mulch>CK.(2) the influence of diffent surface muching on the Ground diameter of bamboo shootIn comparison with the height of bamboo shoot, the variation in diameter of bamboo shoot is much smaller, the growth of bamboo shoots and shedding of bamboo sheath can both affect the increasment of bamboo ground diameter. Through analysis for whole test data, it can be seen that the bamboo ground diameter from straw mulch treatment is much bigger than that from control sample plot. The bamboo ground diameter from straw mulch sample plot is the same in the straw and chaff mulch sample plot. It’s around132mm～145.8mm. Three bamboo ground diameter of mulching modes all have reached the maximum145.8mm. Compared to them, the average of bamboo ground diameter of control group sample plot is the smallest, it’s maximum only113.7mm. It makes up78%of the maximum of these surface mulching treatment plot.(3) the influence of different surface mulching on the soil temperature of bamboo forestIn March, the average temperature of three type depth soil of all the treatments are above13℃, the highest average temperature is14.4℃, which is beneficial to the growth of bamboo root. By comparison, the soil temperature of different depth soil10cm deep soil>1cm deep soil (ground surface)>20cm deep soil. And among all the treatments, bamboo leaf mulch has the highest temperature in three depth of soil. In may, the lowest soil temperature reaches16.6℃, the highest soil temperature reaches20.9℃. This useful condition has greatly promoted the growth of bamboo. On the whole, the average temperature of different depth:1cm deep soil (ground surface)>10cm deep soil>20cm deep soil. Bamboo leaf mulch treatment still has the highest temperature in three depth of soil.(4) the influence of diffent surface muching on the soil moisture content of bamboo forestThe soil moisture content is measured respectively in March, June, September and December. The semi-desert treatment is also the control sample plot. It’s soil moisture content is all no more than30%in the four seasons. The soil moisture content of three surface mulching treatments is significantly higher than the the control sample plot. It incadiates that surface mulching can effectively increase the moisture permeability of the soil and retain water, reduce evaporation, increase soil water retention.The influence extent of different surface mulching:bamboo leaf mulch> straw and chaff mulch> straw mulch.NO.2the influence of management measures on diameter at breast height, under branch height of bamboo and the rate of bamboo shoots(1) the influence of management measures on diameter at breast height of bambooAmong eight kinds of treatments, the diameter at breast height and the under branch height of bamboo in straw and chaff mulch treatment sample plot both reach the maximum. The size order of diameter at breast height among the eight management treatments is straw and chaff mulch> straw mulch=plowing+selenium-rich> bamboo leaf mulch> plowing+fertilization=understory economy> bamboo mixed with timber species> semi-desert treatment(the control). In comparison with the control, the management can enlarge the diameter at breast height of bamboo by1cm-2.7cm. The size order of under branch height among the eight management treatments is straw and chaff mulch> straw mulch> plowing+selenium-rich> bamboo leaf mulch> bamboo mixed with timber species> understory economy> plowing+fertilization> semi-desert treatment(the control). In comparison with the control, the management can enlarge the under branch height of bamboo by103cm-181cm. Management measures can effectively promote the growth of bamboo diameter at breast height and under branch height.(2) the influence of different tending measures the bamboo forest of bamboo shoot rateAccording to the data of bamboo rate in the eight treatments, bamboo rate in the management measure treatments is between22.9%～38%, but bamboo rate in the control reaches up to54.8%. Management measures can improve the number of new bamboo shoot, but they all have the high bamboo shoots back. This exactly guarantee the quality of the bamboo. Although bamboo rate in the control is higher, the quality is low. There the undersize or weak bamboo shoots should be cut promptly.NO.3the influence of formulated fertilization on the growth of bamboo forestFertilization can significantly increase the number of the new bamboo shoots and bamboo rate. The treatment N2P1K1leads to the best effect. The yield is higher by47.80%than the control. The treatment N2P2K2is the second, and N1P1K2is the third. In comparison with the control, The yield respectively increased by26.58%and23.27%. Among the six fertilization treatments, N1P1K1has the minimal impact on the yield, relative yield is99.60%. |
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