Test The Chlorophyll Content And Carotenoid Content Of Apple Basing On Vis/NIR And Evaluate Its Maturity

It was critical to evaluate the apple harvest maturity for their significance on applestorage quality.To seek a fast and non-distructive technology on predicting the apple maturity, theVis/NIR was used to evaluate the feasibility on predicting the chlorophyll content of Galaapple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Gala, picked at8-14,8-20,8-26,9-01) and carotenoidcontent of Red Starking apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red starking, picked at9-08,9-15,9-24). The chlorophyll and carotenoid content, respiration rate, ethylene productionrate, soluble solid content, firmness, starch pattern index, coloration index of seed, L, a andb value, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were also measured，and the correlationanalysis between them were made and the regression equation was established, whichrealized the purpose of using chlorophyll content and carotenoid content to evaluate thematurity of Gala and Red Starking apple.The quality, especial the diseases on Gala and Red Starking apple stored for30days,90days (Gala) or30days,90days,130days (Red starking) and subsequent shelf-life werealso detected. All efforts were done for this purpose: using the Vis/NIR to assess thechlorophyll content and carotenoid content, then using the chlorophyll content andcarotenoid content to predict the maturity of Gala and Red Starking apple, then predictingthe storage quality of apple. Main results were as follows:1、 The coefficients of predict models about chlorophyll content of Gala and carotenoidcontent of Red Starking were0.8316and0.8357, respectively.2、 Correlation analysis showed: the chlorophyll content of Gala apple was highly relatedwith the respiration rate, the correlation reached0.977; the carotenoid content of RedStarking apple was highly related with the solution solid content, a and b value, thecorrelation reached0.997,-0.999,-1.000, respectively. It showed chlorophyll in Gala appleand carotenoid in Red Starking apple were closely related with maturity and they could beused to evaluate the maturity.3、Through analyzing the changes of all the quality index of Gala and Red Starking apple,the goal of evaluating storage qualities of Gala and Red Starking apple was fulfilled atharvest date.(1) After30days cold storage, the gala apple harvested at9-01kept best quality (the L value was66, the solution solid content was12.2%).After90days cold storage, the Gala apple harvested at8-26kept the best quality, itssoluble solid content was10.7%, and anthocyanin content was0.31mg/g. After subsequent7days shelf-life, the apple picked at8-26also maintained the highest solution solid content,firmness, anthocyanin content, flavonoid content, and it was free from diseases.(2) After30days cold storage, the red starking apple harvested at9-24kept the bestquality. After subsequent7days shelf-life, the apple picked at9-24also maintained thebest quality, but its bitter pit index and fruit core browning index were23.3%and10.7%,respectively, and the highest among three harvest date.After90days cold storage, the red starking apple harvested at9-24kept the bestquality. After subsequent7d shelf-life, the quality were still the best, but with slight deline,for the diseases the bitter pit index was5.0%, rotting index was5.0%, fruit core browningindex was7.5%, flesh browning index was1.7%.After130days cold storage, the apple picked at9-08kept the highest firmness(8.2kg/cm2), but its soluble solid content fell (11.5%), while the apple picked at9-24hadthe opposite results. After subsequent7days shelf-life, the diseases were all serious, thesuperficial scald index of apple picked at9-08was reached up to78.6%and was thehighest, the bitter pit index and flesh browning index of apple picked at9-24were19.6%and13.7%, respectively, rotting index and fruit core browning index of apple picked at9-15were15.6%and9.4%, and were also the highest.(3) Through comparing percentage of the bitter pit, superficial scald and rotting indexof Red Staring apple at different harvest date after cold storage of130days and subsequent7days shelf-life, it was found that the apple harvested at9-08had no bitter pit, and aftersubsequent7days shelf-life, the bitter pit index (14.3%) rose rapidly, but was still thelowest. The apple harvested at9-24had the lowest superficial scald index during coldstorage for130d (2.0%) and subsequent7days shelf-life (2.0%). The apple harvested at9-08had no rotting during cold storage for130days, and after subsequent7days shelf-lifehad the lowest rotting index (10.7%).