| Base on the research of four consecutive years of locating fertilization experiment in the Dadoupu village of Wuchuan,Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, using Kexinl as the experimental material, to study effects of different fertilizer treatments on growth, tuber yield, water use efficiency and soil fertility of potatoe. The experiment is designed by randomized block with7processing and4times repeated experiment. The main conclusions are as follows:1. Reasonable fertilization combinations are helpful to promote the growth of potato plants. The plant height, stem diameter and average dry matter accumulation during the reproductive period of different fertilization treatments were all higher than those with CK treatment. M+NPK was the best the promote the growth and development of potato plants, and the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation were the highest; followed by NPK and M treatments, of which the effect of plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation were better than that of NP、NK and PK treatments.2. Reasonable fertilization combinations can obviously improve the photosynthetic performance of potato leaf. With the development of reproductive period, the SPAD value of the potato leaf declined on the whole, and reached the minimum in the mature period; the leaf-area index showed a curvilinear change with one peak, and began to decline as reaching the maximum60days after seedling emergence; the leaf SPAD value and leaf-area index during the whole growth period with fertilization combinations were both higher than that of CK treatment, and the effect of M+NPK treatment was the most obvious, of which the leaf-area index and leaf SPAD value were the highest and significantly different with other treatments; during the late reproductive period of potatoes, the leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular concentration all declined as time passed, transpiration rate showed a trend of lower after rise; the four indicators of all fertilizer treatments in different periods were higher than those of CK treatment, and the value of M+NPK treatment was the highest and significantly different with that of CK treatment in each period;followed by NPK and M treatments.3. Reasonable fertilization combination is beneficial to enhance the potato yield and its components. Fertilizer treatments can increase the potato tuber yield with different degree:NK, NP, PK treatment had smaller tuber yield rate and difference with significance; M+NPK、NPK、M treatments had more tuber yield rate, of which the yield were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. The yield of M+NPK treatment was the highest, which increased by.48.64%and26.26%than CK in2012and2013, respectively, tuber number per plant, single tuber’s weight and commercial potato rate with fertilizer treatments increased with different degree than that of CK treatment, the effect of organic fertilizer treatment was obvious, and according to the results of two years, tuber number per plant and commercial potato rate with organic fertilization increased by19.01%-37.33%and37.25%-51.64%than that of CK treatment, tuber number per plant,commercial potato rate with different fertilization increased by0.92%-25.26%and11.91%-42.01%than that of CK treatment.4. Reasonable fertilization combination is an important way to improve the quality potato tubers. With the development of growth period, tuber starch content, amylase content, amylopectin content showed an increasing trend overall, and reached the maximum in mature period. Different fertilization combination has different effect on potato tuber starch accumulation, the average value of tuber starch content, amylase content, amylopectin content during the whole growth period with organic fertilization increased by0.64%～2.13%、0.27%-0.80%、0.52%～1.36%than that of CK treatment, and the difference reached significant level, among those M+NPK treatment performed best; in addition to that, the difference between NP、NK、PK treatments and CK treatment was not significant; the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content of potato tuber of different fertilization treatments had no obvious regularity. The iron content of tuber increased with all fertilization treatments, the tuber iron content with NK、NPK and M+NPK treatments increased by67.92%、53.85%and49.93%than that of CK treatment, and the difference was significant; the effect of fertilization treatments on zinc content and selenium content of tuber had no significant difference with that of CK.5. Fertilization can affect the use of soil moisture conditions by improving the potato plant growth and development. All the fertilization treatments of0～80cm soil moisture are decreased in different degree than the control treatment in general. In different growth period, the changing of soil moisture has no obvious disciplinarian, but has fluctuating changing with the increase of soil depth. All the fertilization treatments at the seedling stage, tuber formation stage, growth stage and tuber starch accumulation stage, soil moisture was lower than that in CK treatment, respectively, compared with CK decreased by0.73%～8.77%,2.39%～11.70%,1.73%～14.63%and2.30%～10.38%; The M+NPK treatment was the lowest, which is6.52%～14.63%lower than the CK treatment and significantly lower than other treatments, especially in the tuber growth period is the most obvious. In2012and2013which was9.61%and14.63%lower than those of CK treatment;followed by NPK and M treatment. The average moisture content of the soil at each growth stage compared with CK decreased by3.96%～11.61%; NP, NK, PK soil moisture is slightly lower than the average growth stages of CK, CK lower than the0.73%～8.02%. The water use efficiency of different fertilizer treatments was significant. Compared with no fertilization treatment, all the fertilization treatments in each growth period increased0.01mm～9.95mm water consumption compared with CK, water use efficiency increased by2.43%～44.09%; M+NPK treatment was the highest efficiency of water use, which followed by the NPK treatment and M treatment, those were significantly higher than CK treatment.6. Rational fertilization combination is an important means of the fertility of soil. With the deepening of soil layer, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content showed decreasing trend. In2012and2013, each fertilization treatment could significantly increase soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, enhance the role of organic fertilizer application on soil fertility significantly, especially organic manure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer in M+NPK treatment had best performance, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were47.23%～108.09%,69.59%～112.30%,93,60%～232.10%,27.69%～46.15%and17.11%～74.98%higher than CK treatment, significantly higher than the other fertilizer treatments, which followed by NPK and M processing; Unbalanced fertilization of the indicators of NP, NK, PK treatment increase slightly, with no obvious significant difference in CK. Under the experimental conditions, fertilization can reduce the pH value of the soil to a certain extent, the application of organic manure treatment in2012and2013, the soil pH value was1.33%～2.62%and2.14%～3.14%lower than the CK treatment, chemical fertilizers. decreased by0.24%～2.18%and0.83%～3.14%than CK. |
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