Study On The Cultivation Of Pleurotus As Well As Preparation Of Organic Fertilizer And Bio-fertilizer By Leaves Residual Of Eucommia Ulmoides Olive

Eucommia ulmoides Olive is one of abundant resources in China. It contains lots ofactive ingredients, such as iridoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans and so on, which havehigh application vaule. In recent years, extracting chlorogenic acid and eucommin fromleaves of Eucommia ulmoides Olive has become a pillar industry in our area. As a result,thousands tons of leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive were produced. But,little attention has been paid on this waste and its reutilization.Based on the system analysis of ingredients in the leaves residual of Eucommiaulmoides Olive, feasibility of cultivating pleurotus by leaves residual of Eucommiaulmoides Olive and optimum conditions of preparing organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizerwere investigated. The results of our researchs can provide some scientific guide to thecomprehensive and high value utilization of leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoidesOlive. The specific results were as follows:(1) Leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive were used to replace cottonseedhull to cultivate pleurotus, and the optimal substitutive proportion was confirmed. Theresults showed that the optimal proportion was40%. Based on this result, three kinds ofleaves of Eucommia ulmoides Olive materials were conducted in expandingexperiments. The results indicated that the growth situation of pleurotus was the best inthe group of leaves residual of high-forest Eucommia ulmoides Olive, and the contentsof protein, fat, copper and manganese in the pleurotus were the highest, which were1.13,1.73,3.75and2.71times as much as the blank group, respectively. In the group ofleaves of high-forest Eucommia ulmoides Olive, the contents of total flavonoid, calcium,sodium, potassium and magnesium in the pleurotus were the highest, which were1.49,2.20,7.20,1.08and1.03times the same as the blank group, respectively. In the groupof leaves of coppice Eucommia ulmoides Olive, the contents of iron, zinc and seleniumin the pleurotus were the highest, which were1.72,2.10and2.38times as much as theblank group, respectively. In addition, the content of selenium in the pleurotus couldreach0.07524μg.g-1in the group of leaves of coppice Eucommia ulmoides Olive, whichreached the standard of selenium enrichment.(2) Process of organic fertilizer prepared by leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoidesOlive were discussed. Humic acid was used as index, the effects of four kinds of mainfactors including bacteria combinations, the ratio of liquor to material, the amount ofadditive glucose and fermentation time on the preparation of organic fertilizer by leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive were investigated. Based on the single factor test,the optimizing of orthogonal experiment was performed, and toxicity of the preparedorganic fertilizers was evaluated. The results showed that the optimum processconditions of preparing orgnic fertilizer by leaves residual of Eucommia unmolds Olivewere: the ratio of liquor to material was2.0:1, the amount of additive glucose was1.5%,composite white rot fungus and Trichoderma koningii were inoculated to the leavesresidual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive, and fermented6days. On the this condition, thecontent of humic acid in the leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive could reach38.31%. At the same time, the results of toxicity test showed that the germination rate ofsmall brassica chinensis were all over90%, which meant nontoxicity.(3) Process conditions of phosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer prepared byleaves residual of Eucommia unmolds Olive were studied. Leaves residual of Eucommiaulmoides Olive was used as carrier, bacillus megatherium was acted as fermentedculture and viable count of bacillus megatherium was regarded as index, the optimalprocess conditions of preparing phosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer prepared byleaves residual of Eucommia unmolds Olive were investigated. The results showed thatthe optimal process conditions were: the ratio of liquor to material was2.5:1, substratethickness was6cm, the amount of inoculum was1.5mL, temperature was30℃, andthe mass ratio of leaves residual of Eucommia ulmoides Olive and waste slag offloraphis was1:0.4. On this condition, expanding tests of preparingphosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer were carried out. The results showed that themaximum number of viable cells of bacillus megaterium in the preparedphosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer could reach1.48×109/g, satisfying thegovernment standard of bi-fertilizer.(4) Pot experiments were conducted to estimate the effects of self-prepared organicfertilizers and bio-fertilizers. Using soil as blank control, purchased organic fertilizerand bio-fertilizer as positive control. The method of randomized block design was usedto investigate the effects of using four kinds of self-prepared fertilizers including leavesresidual of Eucommia unmolds Olive organic fertilizer fermented for4months naturally,leaves residual of Eucommia unmolds Olive organic fertilizer prepared by optimal craft,residual of cultivating pleurotus organic fertilizer prepared by optimal process andphosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer prepared by optimal technology on thegrowth situation and contents of vitamins C, nitrite, protein, soluble sugar of smallbrassica chinensis, judging the efficiency of these fertilizers. The results showed thatgrowth situation of small brassica chinensis were the best in the group of leaves residualof Eucommia unmolds Olive organic fertilizer fermented for4months naturally; the contents of protein and nitrite were the highest in the group of residual of cultivatingpleurotus organic fertilizer prepared by optimal craft; the content of soluble sugar wasthe highest in the group of leaves residual of Eucommia unmolds Olive organic fertilizerprepared by optimal process; the content of vitamin C was the highest in the group ofphosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer prepared by optimal technology. As a result,the efficiency of self-prepared organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers were remarkable,and could increase the production and quality of small brassica chinensis.