Study On Biological Characteristics Of Eight Introduced Olive Cultivars In Chengdu

Olive?Olea europaea L.?belongs to the genus?Olea L.?,native to the Mediterranean countries.Its fresh fruit can be extracted b y physical cold pressing,which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols,flavonoids,sterols and vitamins,have high edible and health benefits.China began to introduce olive in1964,and now has developed about 1 million mu,nearly 500,000 mu in Sichuan.Chengdu began to plant olive since 2009 and has reached more than 20,000 mu.The altitude,annual average temperature,annual sunshine,annual rainfall,effective accumulated temperature and soil quality and other conditions of Chengdu plain are greatly different from the country of origin.In this experiment,eight olive cultivars introduced from Jintang,Arbequina,Koreniki,Coratina,EZ-8,Picholine,Grossane,Leccino,Manzanilla were used as materials to observe the phenological period and grow in different periods.Regularity and field biological characteristics survey,through laboratory tests to analyze the quality of different cultivars of olive oil,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the preliminary selection of fine cultivars suitable for cultivation in Chengdu plain from the olive introduced from Jintang.The main results were as follows:1.Leaf area and leaf shape index of 8 olive cultivars are between 395.51⁶67.13mm² and 0.19⁰.29,respectively.Coratina‘s leaf is the biggest,Arbequina‘s is the smallest.During the period of May^June,the branches grew rapidly,and the growth of the branches slowed down from June to September.The growth of Manzanilla‘s branches is more,and the growth of EZ-8 and Grossane is less.2.The time period is concentrated from mid-April to early May of eight olive cultivars.The flowering period of each cultivar is about 15 days.The number of inflorescences of each cultivar of twigs ranged from 2 to 43,and the number of single inflorescences ranged from 3 to 36.Complete flowering rate is between 58.76⁸2.12%,the Manzanilla‘s complete flowering rate is the lowest and Arbequina is the highest.The fruit volume,fruit core volume,fruit shape index and nuclear shape index were between1305⁴032 mm³,151⁶75 mm³,0.66⁰.86 and 0.42⁰.61,respectively.The fruit weight,nuclear weight and meat core ratio were between 0.87⁴.19 g,0.22⁰.84 g and 2.33⁵.87,respectively.The yield of per plant was between 3.95 and 11.68 kg,Grossane is the highest and Manzanilla is the lowest.3.The oil content,water content,acid value and peroxide value of the eight olive cultivars was between 8.07¹6.59%,56.02⁶5.44%,0.48⁰.93 mg/g and 4.54⁷.33mmol/kg.The content of?-tocopherol in olive oil ranges from 49.51⁸3.41 mg/kg,Leccino is the highest and Arbequina is the lowest.The content of stigmasterol is31.99⁹0.30 mg/kg,Arbequina is the highest and Picholine is the lowest.The content of?-sitosterol is 143.84¹178.63 mg/kg,Coratina is the highest and Leccino is the lowest.The content of Squalene is 264.45¹253.77 mg/kg,Manzanilla is the highest and Arbequina is the lowest.4.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in 8 cultivars of olive oil was between 68.03and 83.78%.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in Grossane and Leccino was higher.The oleic acid content was from 56.37 to 77.49%,of which Grossane was the highest and Manzanilla was the lowest.The linoleic acid content is 3.63⁷.14%,palmitoleic acid is0.40³.14%,and linolenic acid is 0.47⁰.83%.Leccino and Koreniki have higher oleic acid content,and the content of palm oleic acid and linolenic acid in Koreniki and Picholine is higher.The content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in EZ-8 is lower,and the palm oil of Picholine and Leccino is lower.Low acid content.The saturated fatty acids was between 11.41 and 21.73%,and the content of Manzanilla is 21.73%,and the lower of EZ-8 is 11.41%.The palmitic acid content is 9.07¹9.55%,the stearic acid is 1.03².26%,and the peanut acid is 0.28⁰.58%.The unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of each cultivars are in compliance with national standards.5.The total polyphenol content in 8 cultivars of olive oil was from 28.78 to 102.99mg/kg and the total polyphenol content of Arbequina was higher,Picholine at lower levels.The content of hydroxytyrosol is 0.27².82%,the para-hydroxybenzoic acid is0.71⁴.50%,the caffeic acid is 3.73⁵.50%,the rutin is 0.84¹2.63%,and the oleuropein is 0.70³.10%.The total polyphenols in Coratina and Koreniki olive oil have strong DPPH free radical scavenging rate,but Manzanilla and Picholine is lower.The total polyphenols in Koreniki and Grossane olive oil have strong hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and Fe²⁺chelation ability,but Picholine and Arbequina is lower.6.Principal component analysis was carried out on 28 indicators of olive oil.The comprehensive scores were:Picholine>Grossane>Koreniki>Coratina>Arbequina>EZ-8>Leccino>Manzanilla.