Regulation Effects Of Nitrogen And Density On Development Of Tillering And Material Transport In Two Spike-types Of Winter Wheat

The experiment had been done in Henan Agricultural University of Science andEducation Demonstration Station from2011to2013. Under the condition of the field,two winter wheat cultivars, Yumai49-198(multi-spike) and Lankaoaizao8(largespike type) were used to investigate regulation effects of nitrogen and density ondevelopment of tillering and material transport. The main result were as follows:1. Nitrogen fertilizer and planting density had effect on population dynamicand spike rate in tillers of two spike-types of winter wheat cultivars. Under thenitrogen condition, the number of population dynamic were expressed the same,allincreased with the increase of planting density. Spike rates were decreased with theincrease of planting density. Under the nitrogen condition, the grain-filling rate ofYumai49-198showed bimodal curve. Both non-nitrogen treatment of Yumai49-198and Lankaoaizao8were a unimodal curve. Moreover, under the same treatmentcondition, the grain-filling rate of Yumai49-198was greater than that of Lankaoaizao8.2. Lankaoaizao8(large-spike type) had obviously advantages in dry matteraccumulation of main stem at anthesis and mature period. Which was larger thanYumai49-198. Moreover, the effect of planting density significantly greater than thatof nitrogen. But, it expressed different in dry matter accumulation in tillers of twospike-types of winter wheat varieties. Yumai49-198had obviously advantages intillers, and also the effect of nitrogen significantly greater than that of planting density.Under the same nitrogen condition, the dry matter accumulation in main and tillersstem, dry matter accumulation and distribution in each vegetative organs in twospike-types of winter wheat cultivars increased with the increase of planting density.But the dry matter accumulation of panicle in tillers expressed different.3. Under the condition of nitrogen and non-nitrogen, translocation, transfer rateand contribution to grain in main stem vegetative organs of Yumai49-198were thehighest with D3treatment and D2treatment respectively. Lankaoaizao8were higherwith D3treatment and D1treatment respectively. Under the condition of two kinds of nitrogen, the dry matter accumulation in vegetation organs of leaf, leaf sheath, spikeaxis and grain husk and their translocation, transfer rate and contribution to grain intillers of Yumai49-198were the highest at high density D3treatment, which wassignificantly higher than treatment D2and D1. Under the same nitrogen condition, thedry matter accumulation of leaf, leaf sheath, spike axis+grain husk and theirtranslocation, transfer rate and contribution to grain in tillers of Lankaoaizao8increased with the increase of planting density.4.nitrogen and planting density had different effects on nitrogen translocationand transfer rate in main stem and tillers of two spike-types of winter wheat cultivars.Under the same nitrogen and planting density condition, the nitrogen accumulation invegetation organs of Lankaoaizao8was higher than that of Yumai49-198. And alsothe nitrogen accumulation in main stem and tillers each vegetation organs of twospike-types of winter wheat cultivars both highest in leaf, lowest in sheath.5. Under the same planting density condition, the number and aperture and areaof native catheter and epigenetic catheter,total area of catheter, thickness of stem wall,number of great and small vascular bundle, total area of vascular bundle andphloem,all expressed main stem> tiller Ⅰ> tillerⅡ. The higher tillers,the slowervascular bundle developed of two spike-types of winter wheat cultivars. Moreover,the process of Lankaoaizao8vascular bundle was stronger than Yumai49-198. Thedevelopment of vascular bundle was the same time with tiller Ⅰa nd tiller Ⅱin D1treatment. The development of tillerⅠ vascular bundle was later than stem, but earlierthan tiller Ⅱin D2treatment. The development of tiller Ⅰ and tillerⅡ vascular bundleboth later than stem in D3treatment.6. Under the same nitrogen condition, the spike of two spike-types of winterwheat cultivars was increased with the increase of planting density, grain weight wasdecreased with the increase of planting density. Under the same nitrogencondition,the grain yield of Lankaoaizao8was increased with the increase ofplanting density. Under the nitrogen condition, the grain yield of Yumai49-198expressed D2>D3>D1. Under the non-nitrogen condition,the grain yield of Yumai49-198was increased with the increase of planting density. nitrogen and plantingdensity had obviously effects on panicle traits of two spike-types of winter wheatcultivars. Under the same nitrogen condition, the spike, seed spikelet number, sterilespikelet number and abortive grain of the middle of two spike-types of winter wheatcultivars, all were decreased with the increase of planting density. Under the same planting density condition, the spike, seed spikelet number in main stem and tillers,sterile spikelet number and abortive grain of the middle in tillers of two spike-types ofwinter wheat cultivars, all were expressed nitrogen treatment higher than non-nitrogentreatment. However, sterile spikelet number and abortive grain of the middle in mainstem were expressed nitrogen treatment lower than non-nitrogen treatment.