| Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a worldwide soil-borne disease in wheatproduction, which is prevalent severely in wheat belts around China. There are twospecies (Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi) in Henan province and causedserious yield loss in Zhengzhou and Xuchang especially. In order to find effectivemethods against CCN, the disease resistance of varieties were identified with diseasedsoil in the greenhouse which were certificated and commercialized recent years.32and21commercial varies were appraisaled in the diseased field of Xingyang andXuchang respectively. Chemical and agricultural control were also studied in thispaper in order to offer well disease-resistant varieties, efficient chemical pesticidesfriendly to environment and effective agricultural control measures against CCN. Themain research results are as follows:(1) In the greenhouse,52varieties were used to determine their diseaseresistance against H.avenae5varieties showed resistant and12varieties were middlesusceptible.20varieties were high susceptible. In the experiment against H.filipjevi6varieties showed resistance and20varieties were middle susceptible.16varietieswere high susceptible. There were no immune or high resistant varieties for the twospecies.(2) In the diseased field, the relative resistance index were adopted to evaluate32varieties against H.avenae in Xingyang with no immune and high resistancevarieties. However, different variety’s resistance exist a significant difference.19varieties were resistant and11varieties were middle susceptible.7varieties weresusceptible and10varieties were high susceptible.21varieties were tested on H.filipjevi in Xuchang with no immune and high resistance varieties.6varieties wereresistance and9varieties were middle susceptible.5varieties were susceptible and4varieties were high susceptible. The resistance identification were also evaluated bybreeding rate (Pf/Pi). The ratio of Chinese Spring, Taikong6, Fanmai8and Xinmai18against H.avenae were less than1, which indicates that they are resistant toH.avenae. The others are susceptible. In Xuchang diseased field, the Pf/Pi ratiorevealed that only Zhongyu6, Taikong6and Yumai49-198were resistant toH.filipjevi and other varieties were susceptible.(3) The results of different agriculture practices against CCN revealed that:2012-2013in xingyang filed, The control effect of adding Nitrogen fertilizer is best,cysts decreased rate is55.41%; Post-sowing repression, adding phosphatic fertilizerand post-sowing irrigation cysts decreased rate are39.10%,38.20%and26.87%;2013-2014, Post-sowing repression, adding Nitrogen fertilizer and adding phosphaticfertilizer cysts decreased rate are29.96%,27.60%and22.66%.2012-2013inXuchang field, post-sowing repression control effect is best, cysts decreased rate is51.82%; Adding Nitrogen fertilizer and adding phosphatic fertilizer cysts decreasedrate are34.46%and31.44%;2013-2014, Post-sowing repression, adding Nitrogenfertilizer and adding phosphatic fertilizer cysts decreased rate are39.28%,23.58%and20.94%. Control efficiency: Post-sowing repression>Adding Nitrogenfertilizer>Adding phosphatic fertilizer.(4) The results of the chemical pesticide inoculated with diseased soil in thegreenhouse revealed that: the cysts decreasing rates of five different chemicaldisposes (Gaoqiao, FLU250, FLU125+Gaoqiao200, FLU250+Gaoqiao200andFLU500+Gaoqiao200) against H.avenae were10.05%,73.37%,85.43%,80.90%and83.42%respectively., they were25.23%,78.50%,68.69%,68.69%and78.97%against H.filipjevi population. So pesticide FLU can prevent cyst nematode effectivelywhile Gaoqiao has no effect.(5) The control effect of different chemical seed coating on CCN revealed that:In Xingyang field,60%avermectin seed coating, Gannong seed coating C, Gannongseed coating A, Shannongg seed coating and Gannong seed coating B control effectswere68.83%,59.04%,48.16%,42.00%and40.19%; In xuchang field,60%avermectin seed coating, Shannong seed coating, Gannon seed coating C, Gannongseed coating A and Gannong seed coating B control effects were59.17%,54.21%,46.77%,29.14%and16.83%.60%avermectin seed coating and Gannon seed coating C are worthy to popularize in Xingyong field,60%avermectin seed coating andShannong seed coating are worthy to poularize in Xuchang field. Field tests ofchemical pesticides FLU and Gaoqiao results revealed that: the cysts decreasing rateof chemical disposes Gaoqiao, FLU toxic soil, FLU125+Gaoqiao200, Aldicarb,FLU250+Gaoqiao200, FLU250and FLU500+Gaoqiao200against H.avenae were24.56%,46.76%,52.05%,59.68%,61.66%,63.93%and71.72%respectively. Theywere12.53%,34.94%,50.92%,52.79%,55.13%,58.61%and60.80%againstH.filipjevi. The results in the field is similar to the greenhouse experiment. |
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