Effects Of Soil Management Ways On Soil Properties Of Apple Orchards

Soil management has an important influence on soil environment, thereby affecting thegrowth and development of apple trees, yield and fruit quality of apple orchards. In my study,taking Luochuan County of Shanxi Province as a case study area, the soil nutrients status ofapple orchards was assessed by testing the soil organic matters, enzyme activities andmicrobes number in inter-tillage, deep-tillage, no-tillage and shamrock-plant treatment. Theresults indicated that:(1) The physical properties of apple orchards’ soil mainly related to the soil management.The water content decreased from shamrock-plant to no-tillage, deep-tillage and inter-tillage.Soil water content was reduced with the deepening of soil.The soil bulk density decreased from no-tillage to shamrock-plant, inter-tillage anddeep-tillage, while the soil bulk density was1.29g cm-3、1.25g cm-3、1.22g cm-3、1.21g cm-3; pH of soil decreased from inter-tillage to deep-tillage, no-tillage and shamrock-plant,while the soil bulk density was8.05、7.96、7.95、7.66.(2) The soil organic matter content was reduced with the deepening of soil and indifferent soil layers, it decreased from inter-tillage to shamrock-plant, deep-tillage andno-tillage. In0~20cm soil layer, the organic matter content of the inter-tillage was20.57g kg-1,6.57g kg-1、6.45g kg-1、4.87g kg-1higher than other ways significantly. In20~40cmsoil layer, the organic matter content of inter-tillage was17.63g kg-1, also higher than theother ways significantly.(3) With the deepening of soil, enzyme activities was reduced. In0~20cm soil layer,Urease decreased from inter-tillage to shamrock-plant, deep-tillage and no-tillage. While in20~40cm soil layer, it decreased from inter-tillage to deep-tillage, shamrock-plant andno-tillage, because clover main root was short, the lateral roots more developed and mainly in0~20cm soil. The phosphatase activities and hydrogen peroxidase activities had the sametendency with enzyme activities. The soil sucrose activities decreased from no-tillage todeep-tillage, shamrock-plant and inter-tillage.(4) In0~20cm and in20~40cm soil layers on the four soil managements, the amounts ofthe bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes all decreased from shamrock-plant to no-tillage, inter-tillage, and deep-tillage.(5) Soil N、P、K content also increased with soil depth. Total N and available N had thesame tendency with the soil organic matter content, decreased from inter-tillage toshamrock-plant, deep-tillage and no-tillage. Soil P and K content changed a little in differentsoil layers under different soil management. Soil K had a high content in the soil.