Study On Pigments Composition Of Petals And Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Activity Of Petal Extr Acts Of Wild Lilium

This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for Lilium breeding program byexploring the pigmets composition of the petals of eight wild Lilium species（Lilium brownii、L. regale、L. leucanthum、L. sulphureum、L. sargentiae、L. lancifolium、L. davidii、L. pumilum）.For the qualitative analysis of pigmets in the petals from eight Lilium species， specific colorreactions and UV-visible spectrum were carried on in this study. The total content of thepigmets of the petals were determined by NaNO2-Al(Cl)3method and colorimetric method.Identification and determination of phenolic constituents of the petals were usinghigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).There were significant difference of the contents of total chlorophylls， carotenoids，flavonoids among the petals of eight Lilium specie. The major component of the anthocyaninsin the petals were Cyanidin-3-rutinoside and Cyanidin. Besides anthocyanins， nineindividual phenolic compounds were identified: three phenolic acid (gallic acid，p-coumaricacid and chorogenic acid)， two flavonols (rutin and kaempferol)， two monomericflavanols [(+)-catechin and ()-epicatechin] and two dihydroflavonols (dihydromyricetin anddihydroquercetin). There were significant difference of pigment contents between white petalsand orange petals. The orange petals had carotenoid pigmentation and the pigments in tepalspots were anthocyanins．The chlorophyll A and polyphenols besides anthocyanins maybealso has important influence on the color of Lilium petals.In order to promote the natural antioxidant production work, in this study, petals of sixLilium species native to China（L. brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez, L. leucanthum Baker, L.sargentiae Wils., L. davidii Duch., L. davidii var. unicolor, and L. lancifolium Thunb.） wereevaluated. For the qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds in the petals from six Liliumspecies，UV-visible spectrum were carried on in this study. Identification and determination ofphenolic constituents of the petals were using high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection (HPLC-DAD). Four antioxidant assays, such as DPPH free radical scavengingactivity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity(CUPRAC) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) were applied to evaluate theantioxidant properties of six Lilium species. Eleven individual phenolic compounds，including three phenolic acid (gallic acid，p-coumaric acid and chorogenic acid)， two flavonols (rutin and kaempferol)， twomonomeric flavanols [(+)-catechin and ()-epicatechin], two dihydroflavonols(dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin) and two anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-rutinoside andCyanidin), were analyzed. The results showed that all petal extracts exhibited strongantioxidant activity, which generally correlated positively with the total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents, total flavanol contents, and total anthocyanin contents. Hierarchicalcluster analysis showed that L. davidii and L. lancifolium belonged to the group with highphenolic content and strong antioxidant power. L. davidii var. unicolor and L. sargentiae werein the group with moderate phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, while L. brownii and L.leucanthum were clustered in the group with low phenolic content and weak antioxidantactivity. It was suggested that lily petals could be used as a potential plant resource ofantioxidants, especially for natural antioxidants and pharmaceutical applications.