| Pistacia chinensis Bunge, which belongs to the family of Acardiaceae, is a deciduous tree. The plant was used as wood and landscape trees, and now also a bioenenrgy plant. The oil content of the seeds is42.46%approximately. Its oil-production rate ranges from20%to30%, and the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid of the oil is up to73.97%～87.41%. Therefore, it is very potential to be used as edible oil or biodiesel. The plant can be applied as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating dysentery, cholera, rheumatism and other illnesses. The different parts of plant, such as fruit, fruit stem and leaves, etc, have abundant phenolic compounds and essential oils which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The research involving the extraction skill of phenolic compounds and essential oils and their application approaches will provide theoretical and technological basis for comprehensive utilization of the tree. Furthermore, it will improve the economic benefit by solving the problem of nothing earnings during the juvenile period (8to12years juvenile phase), and promote the development of energy forest.In this paper, the phenolic compounds from P. chinensis Bunge leaves were purified, and was applied in antioxidant activity detection both in vitro and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans). The chemical compositions of phenolic compounds and essential oils were further analyzed. The main results were as follows:1. The phenolic-rich extracts from P. chinensis Bunge leaves were purified by silica gel column. Then the main composition was measured to evaluate the purification effects. The content of total phenolic, tannins and total flavonoids in the purified product were1.0125g gallic acid equivalent/g of sample,0.8600g tannic acid equivalent/g of sample and0.1453g rutin equivalent/g of sample respectively, and the purity increased20.54%,13.53%and12.03%respectively. That indicated the silica gel column chromatography was an effective way for phenolic compounds purification. 2. The antioxidant effects of purified product were tested by DPPH radical scavenging assay and FRAP assay in vitro. The radical-scavenging activities were much more than that Vitamin C and crude phenolic compounds, but just a slight lower than that of98%TPP.3. The antioxidant effects of purified product were determined in vivo by the survival rate and the ROS suppression caused by juglone in Caenorhabditis elegans. The results suggested that the purified phenolic compounds of P. chinensis leaves could remarkable increased the survival rate of C. elegans and reduced the ROS level of the worm. That displayed the purified products is a prospective natural antioxidants and have broad application potential in the field of food, cosmetic and medicine.4. The chemical compositions of the phenolic compounds from P. chinensis Bunge leaves were analyzed by LC-MS. Nine compounds were identified, The molecular formula were C5H8O4, C5H4O6, C7H6O3, C5H1206, C8H10O6, C16H32O9, C7H6O2, C21H20O11, C28H24O15, respectively The absorbance of phenolic compounds from P. chinensis Bunge leaves was scanned ranging from200nm to800nm by UV-2550ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The specific absorbance of phenolic compounds was276nm, and the main absorption spectrum is from200nm to400nm.5. A combined process for the extraction of essential oils and phenolic compounds from P. chinensis Bunge leaves was evaluated by comparison of the quality and quantity of the three main compositions (total phenolic, tannins and total flavonoids) between the traditional isolation method and the combined way. The result showed that there was no significant difference between the two approaches. It suggested the combined way for the extraction of essential oils and phenolic compounds from P. chinensis Bunge leaves is feasible.6. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-one compounds were identified by the laboratory database and references. The principal chemical constituents were found to be eudesmol (5.881%),(-)-caryophyllene (3.025%), viridiflorol (2.759%),1-methlbutyl hexadecanoate (2.355%), citronellyl propionate (1.944%), alpha-cedrene (1.671%), alpha-cadinene (1.629%), coumarin (1.168%). The absorbance of essential oils from P. chinensis Bunge leaves were scanned ranging from200nm to800nm by UV-2550ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The results showed the main absorption spectrum is from200nm to400nm. |
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