Effects Of Silicates On Controlling Powdery Mildew And Grain Quality In Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.)

Abstract: In order to explore the safe and simple chemical methods to conveniently control wheatpowder mildew, two kinds of silicate were selected to study their effects on controlling the diseaseand on late-growing-period leaf photosynthetic performance and grain yield and quality from2010to2011with Zhoumai16. a current widely-used wheat cultivar in the Huang-Huai Plains，as theexperimental material. Another ield experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of siliconfertilizers in various application methods on the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew,grain starch content and Farinographical properties, Xi’nong979and Zhoumai18were selected asthe experimental materials from2011to2012. Powdery mildew pathogen inoculation begin at theend of March. The disease severity of powdery mildew at different growth stages with differenttreatments were investigated at late development stage of wheat, and physiological indices weredetermined after harvest，analyze grain protein content, soluble sugar content，starch content，siltyparameters and other indicators.The main results are as follows:（1）Silicate prevent and control the wheat powdery mildew effectively. The preliminaryresults of2010-2011growth season show that spraying silicate can effectively prevent theoccurrence of powdery mildew, and the concentration of2~5g L-1is appropriate. The results of2011-2012growth season showed that adding silicate can significantly reduce powdery mildewdisease index, increase disease resistance in wheat compared to the control treatment, whether soilsilicon fertilization, or foliar silicon fertilization can effectively prevent and control the occurrenceof powdery mildew，especially the " soil fertilization+foliar application" treatment in the latefilling stage, their disease index declined from27.96to6.72. the disease indexes decline to19.14and22.83in silicon soil fertilizer and foliar silicon application treatment in the flag stage,respectively. The useful results could provide a theoretical foundation for prevention andcontrolling of powdery mildew for the grower.（2）Adding silicate could increase wheat flag leaf chlorophyll content, improve leafphotosynthetic characteristics, and increase grain yield. The results showed that silicatefertilization in the late growth stage could significantly improve the flag leaf chlorophyll content, and the difference of different treatment and control were significant (α=0.05) or highlysignificant (α=0.01) in the same variety, grain number per panicle and thousand grain weightincreased by4.4%to5.8%and4.1%to5.8%in different treatments, the difference was notsignificant (α=0.05)，but difference of the yield in the different treatments were significant (α=0.05) and a significant level (α=0.01) compare to the control, the results showed that increasingsilicon fertilizer could improve the quality of grain.（3）Silicate could influence grain quality of wheat. Silicate fertilization increased the totalnitrogen concentration and total soluble sugar content, total starch content significantly,amylopectin content，declined the amylose content. The time of dough development time andstability were improved in the various treatment compare to control treatment in the same variety,especially in the " soil fertilization+foliar application in the flag stage " treatment. Siliconfertilization also improves water absorption of the flour, and the most significant has reached to10.6%，while the weakening of the different treatment decreased compared to the control.Comprehensive analysis，the silicate application methods affect the main characteristics of floursilty，in which the extension of dough development time and stability time is particularly evident.