| Loess Plateau is a typical dry farming area, its main feature is the gully landformslandscape. For a long time, due to the low and concentrate rainfall, the unreasonable way offarming and cropping systems, the qustion of food in shortage was more prominent.Farmlands adopt minimum tillage, no-tillage and cover with the other measures wereeffective means to improve the precipitation use efficiency and increase the crop yield. In thisexperiment, we represented Changwu as the typical dry farming area in the Loess Plateau,study the yiled, water use efficiency, soil fertility and changes of nutrient absorptionutilization of spring maize and winter wheat under different mulching modes and tillagepractices. The main results were as follows:2Study of spring maize under different mulching modes and tillage practices(1) The modes of TS and TSP can significantly increase the yield of spring maize,compared with CT as an increase by174.7%and142.4%, compared with TS as an increaseby100.4%and76.9%; under no-till condition, the mode of NPS has significant increasingyield, compared with NT by105.6%. The efficiency of increasing yield under conventionaltillage with mulching was higher than no-tillage mulching.(2) The WUE of spring maize was still higher under the modes of TS and TSP,compared with CT as an increase by150.8%and136.4%; under no-till modes, the NPS hasmost significant increasing efficiency for WUE, the mode of NP follwed and the mode of NSwas the minimum. The efficiency of increasing WUE under conventional tillage withmulching was higher than no-tillage mulching(3) The modes of TS and TSP can also improve the nutrient content of soil organicmatter, and total phosphorus content. The mode of NS and NP and NSP can also improve thenutrient content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus; The efficiency ofincreasing soil nutrient content and total nitrogen under conventional tillage with mulchingwas higher than no-tillage with mulching. (4) Under the conventional tillage, different mulching methods can improve the totalamount of nitrogen and phosphorus of spring maize. The mode of TPS and TP has mostefficiency, compared with CT as an increase by100.1%and145.1%,107.8%and163.6%;under no-till conditions the TPS has most significant effect; the modes of TP and NP hashighest harvest index of nitrogen and phosphorus, highest nutrient use efficiency; the modesof TPS and NPS follwed and the mode of TS and NS was the minimum.2Study of winter maize under different mulching methods(1) The grain yield of winter wheat under FFP has highest weight, an increase of by158.7%. Under the same covered period, the full film mulching has the better efficiency ofincreasing yield than the film and straw mulching; under the same mulching materials,mulching throught the year was better than in summer fallow period.(2) Different mulching modes can improve soil water coverage in summer follow period,full film coverage was a little higher than film and straw; the WUE of FFP was the highest,compared with no mulching by121.8%, the WUE of SSP was the minimum.(3) The film and straw mulching can significantly improve the content of soil organicmatter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus andavailable K; the full film mulching can improve the content of total and available nitrogen,total and available phosphorus.(4) The FFP can significantly increase the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorusaccumulation of winter wheat,respectively compared with an increase by117.9%and110.5%; different covering methods had less effects on nitrogen and phosphorus harvestindex, while FFP had the best nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency.In summary, for spring maize in Loess dryland area, the mode of conventional tillagewith film and straw mulching has better superiority.This mode can improve soil fertility, butalso warming soil moisture. There are two ways to promote crop growth, and to achieve agood yield. For the winter wheat, taking full film coverage throughout the year, which canmaximize the accumulation of precipitation in summer fallow, reduce evaporation losses onlate childbearing of wheat, and fully ensure the need moisture all growth stages of wheat, toachieve higher grain yield. |
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