Effects Of Bud-notching, Twisting Shoot And Removing Terminal Shoot On Branches Hydraulic Conductivity, Hormone Content And Flower Bud Formation Of Fuji Apple

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Fuji branches hydraulicconductivity, hormone content, leaf C/N, flower bud formation tree, yield and fruit qualityunder the treatments of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot, and thenfind the best method to promote flower bud formation. The3-5-year-old field-cultivated Fuji（Malus Domestica Borkh cv.Red Fuji/M26/Malus Sieversii (Ledeb) Roem) were used asmaterials to explore the changes of branches hydraulic conductivity, leaves and lateral budshormone content, shooting percentage, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, leaf carbon andnitrogen content, leaf C/N, flower bud formation, average yield of per tree and fruit qualitytreated by bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together aftershoot-bending. The main results were as following:1. Compared with the control, the integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shootand removing terminal shoot together with shoot-bending significantly decreased stem andleaf area specific conductivity by41.4%and39.1%. Comprehensive treatment inhibited theflow of water in xylem of branches and then inhibited excessive vigor of young trees.2. The endogenous IAA, GAs in lateral buds of the integrated method decreased, whileZR, ABA content increased during flower bud differentiation stage. IAA in leaves firstdecreased and then increased, and decreased again during flower morphologicaldifferentiation. GAs in leaves changed like IAA and ABA in leaves changed like ABA inlateral buds. Twisting branches made ZR in levels be significantly higher than others duringflower bud physiological differentiation stage.3. Twisting branches decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatalconductance of leaves on short branches, inhibited tree vigor effectively. Meanwhile, twistingbranches increased the total carbon content and C/N in leaves, while decreased the totalnitrogen content, prompting the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the branches andpromoting the occurrence of side branches.4. The integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoottogether with shoot-bending significantly enchanced shooting percentage by32.7%%in comparison with the control. The amount of blossoms and average yield of4years old treeincreased more2.3times and3.3times than those of control, respectively. The average yieldof5years old apple tree increased to8.84kg. The analysis of fruit quality showed that fruitweight, soluble solids, firmness, titratable acid and fruit chromaticity of the integrated methodalso improved.The changes of branches hydraulic conductivity, leaf and lateral buds hormone content,leaf photosynthetic characteristics, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, leaf C/N weakened treevigor, while accelerated flower bud differentiation and optimized fruit quality. The methods ofbud-notching and removing terminal shoot after shoot-bending both had effects on Fuji flowerbud formation, but the effects of integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shoot andremoving terminal shoot together with shoot-bending was the most significant. The integratedmethod of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together withshoot-bending inhibited tree vegetative growth, resulting in acceleration of flowerdevelopment, increase of yield and improve fruit quality significantly.