| In arid and semi-arid regions coating can improve water use efficiency. The increasing of soil temperature can have a significant impact on the growth of crop after mulching. The trial was conducted in 2013--2014 years in NWAFU Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering arid region irrigation experiment station. The bare ground with no mulching was taken as control. Two colors mulching of black and white were set in the two planting patterns of flat and ridge culture. We used EH2 O water heat sensors and TRIME-TDR to monitor the variation of soil water and soil temperature during the growth of winter wheat and summer maize. By the research of spatial dynamic changes of soil water and heat and crop growth indicators at different growth stages, we aim to state the mechanism of improvement of yield and strength the study of film effects. We can provide the basic data for the construction of crop model under mulching condition. The main conclusions of this test are as follows:(1) In Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Rotation, continuous rainfall and rainfall season, covered 0-20 cm soil surface soil moisture rates were lower than the control treatment is not covered. In the drought season, ridge cover albuginea soil moisture less film processing increased by 2.1%. Along soil depth, regardless of rainfall before and after, 80 cm and deeper soil layers coating process high moisture content not covered handle.(2) The law of soil temperature variation with time is that the diurnal variation of surface soil temperature is the sharpest. Along soil depth, soil temperature diurnal variation decreases gradually. The change of soil temperature tends to be stable in70 cm and deeper soil depth. The time of the soil surface temperature is changed after film mulching. In the wheat growing season, the highest value of soil temperature appeared at earlier time than the CK; in summer corn season, the highest value occurs late in film mulching treatment. With increasing soil depth, the time of soil temperature reaches the highest values id delayed. The 30 cm soil layer temperature highest value of time is postponed 2h.than the time of 15 cm soil layer in control treatment.(3) In Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Rotation, film processing warming effect of two different growth stages of crop growth stages is different. During the growth of winter wheat, the warming effect of mulching treatment is remarkable than control treatment, Especially in the winter– reviving period, the average daily temperature soil temperature of mulching treatments increase compared with the control treatment 2.6 ℃. In the summer maize growth stage, there are no significant differences between film processing and control soil temperature changes. In the growth period, the average soil temperature of mulching treatments is 24.7 ℃. Compared with the control handle, it increased 0.1 ℃. Effectively accumulated during the entire winter wheat growth period in the film processing are higher than the control treatment. After the mulching, the increasing of soil temperature will help improve the effective accumulated temperature. Compared with control treatment, the average of mulching treatments increased effective accumulated temperature than 391.8 ℃ in the whole growth of winter wheat.(4) The mulching treatments can increase the dry matter accumulation in the growth stage of winter wheat. Compared with control treatment, flat with white film mulching and flat with black mulching treatments can increase the dry matter accumulation at each growth stage of winter wheat. In filling stage, ridge with white film mulching treatment and flat with black film mulching treatment compared with the control handle increased 24.5% and 15.1%, respectively. Whether the planting method is flat or ridge, in the jointing stage- filling stage, the dry matter accumulation of film mulching with black film is higher than the film treatment with white film in the same plant method. At seven leaves and three-leaf stage, the average of plant height under ridge with mulching treatment are higher than the average of plant height under flat with mulching treatment. It increases by 14.2% and 18.9% respectively.(5) In winter wheat growth stage, yield of mulching treatments are higher than the control treatment. The difference of grain yield and water use efficiency between ridge with black film mulching treatment and control treatment are significantly. Ridge mulching yield is higher than the flat mulching treatment, which increasing 5.2%. Under the condition of ridge, the difference of utilization of effective accumulated temperature is significant between ridge with black film mulching and ridge with white film mulching treatment. In summer maize growth stage, yield of mulching treatment with black film is higher than white film. Compared with flat with white film, flat with black film mulching treatment increased the yield by 433.9 kg / hm2. Compared with ridge with white film, ridge with black film mulching treatment increased the yield by 354.2 kg / hm2. |
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