| This thesis includes three research projects:First, to increase the yield is a breeding goal pursued by all of wheat breeders. Photosynthesis is an important factor in determining the yield of wheat, and the chlorophyll content of leaves is one of the important indexes to evaluate the photosynthetic ability. In this study, a F2 population including 142 lines derived from the cross of line “Mingyou 633” and line “A14” was used to detect the gene that controlled the chlorophyll content of leaves. As the results: first, a genetic linkage map covering 21 wheat chromosomes was constructed with Icimapping soft ware and SSR technology, which contained 129 SSR makers,with a total genetic distance of 1805.69 c M, the average length of each chromosome was about 85.99 c M, and the average genetic distance between two markers was about 14 c M. Then, QTL analysis was carried out with SMA method, a QTL of chlorophyll a content was located on chromosome 3B, explaining the phenotypic variation of 9.60%; the QTLs of chlorophyll b content were located on chromosome 3B, 4B and 7D, explaining the phenotypic variation of 7.91%-8.89%; the QTL of total chlorophyll content was located on chromosome 3B, explaining the phenotypic variation of 9.14%. This study was to analysis the genetic mechanism of chlorophyll content in flag leaf of wheat, to provide reference for molecular marker assisted breeding.Second, sesame is one of the important oil crops in our country. Through the regional comparative test of high yield, stability, adaptability and quality characters of new breeding sesame varieties in Shaanxi, to provide scientific basis for the identification and promotion of national varieties. In this project six newly breed varieties were used in the regional comparative test. As a result, Fenzhi 10, Ji 9014 danxuan-5 and Ji 1-98-5 have higher yields, 76.48 kg/0.0667hm2, 72.59 kg/0.0667hm2, 72.26 kg/0.0667hm2 respectively. They grow orderly, have the same growth period and have good agronomic traits, so they will join the production test in next year. But Jiheizhi 2, Ji 9104-742 and Huazhi 2010-1 have lower yields, 63.37 kg/0.0667hm2, 50.03 kg/0.0667hm2, 32.02 kg/0.0667hm2 respectively. The main agronomic traits are in general, so they will not join the production test in next year.Thirdly, In order to study the composition and content of sesame leaf cuticular waxes, three new black sesame varieties were used as the materials and their leaves were harvested for GC-MS(Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis during their flowering stage. As a result the separation and identification of sesame cuticular wax were established, which laid the foundation for subsequent researches on sesame drought-resistant mechanisms and drought-resistant breeding. The results showed that the sesame waxes can be separated very well under our gas chromatographic separation program, 28 compounds were identified in the waxes, including 11 n-alkanes, 7 branched-alkanes, 9 primary alcohols and one steroid. N-alkanes and branched-alkanes were the main components of total waxes, among them the composition of tritriacontane was the highest, it accounted for 30% of the total cuticular waxes. The total content of cuticular waxes have a certain difference among the three black sesame varieties(Ji 1-98-5 was(2.75±0.34) μg·cm-2, Ji 9014 xuandan-5 was(4.06±0.66) μg·cm-2, Ji 9104-742 was(4.12±0.35)μg·cm-2), but the relative waxes composition of them were similar. Based on the observation of scanning electron microscope, the micro-structures of waxes on the upper and lower surfaces of three varieties were coated with a smooth wax film,without obvious wax crystals. |
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