The Evaluation Of Turf Plant Community Monthly Variation And Its Relationship With Avian Activity At Fuzhou Civil Airport

Fuzhou Changle International Airport (Fuzhou civil airport) is the main airport of Fujian Province, as well as one of the main international air traffic hubs in eastern China. Moreover, it is one of the busist airport and air passenger and cargo distribution center in southeast coast of China. From March 2013 to February 2014, the turf plant variety, avian variety and natural habitat variation in Fuzhou civil airport were briefly examed. A series of scientific management plan were layed out based on avian activities around the airport in order to provide some technical support in preventing bird strick and maintain flight safety. The main results are listed below:(1) Survey towards the variety, hight, coverage and growth of turf plants has been conducted. 108 varieties from 92 different genera have been observed throughout the year, mostly from Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae. Plant diversity of the airport area varies along with the season; obvious genera and population change were observed. Accodringly, most varieties were observed in March, the most plant population appeared in May, both plant number and variety drop to the bottom in January. Obvious difference was also observed in the diversity index, Shannon’s diversity index:March> May> April> June> October> September> November> February> August> July> December> January; J’,Pielou evenness index:March> May> April> June> October> September> February> November> July> December> August> January; Simpson dominance index:January> December> August> July> November> February> September> October> June> April> May> March.The suitability evaluation of turf plant variety around the airport was conducted, the result shows that 15 varieties present high suitability,27 varieties show medium suitability, and 56 varieties show low suitability. The management of airport turf plant community mainly focus on medium and high suitability varieties.(2) After a year of research,76 avian varieties of 23 genera in 10 orders were observed, among them are 35 variety of resident birds, take up 46.1% of the total amount, winter bird 24 species, take up 31.6%, summer resident bird 10 species, take up 13.2%, passing migrant bird 7 species, take up 9.2%. In addition,12 species of level Ⅱ national protected bird were observed, among them are 22 oriental species,17 palaearctic species,11 northeast China species,6 southern China species,5 northern species,4 uncategorized species,3 Old world temperate-tropical species,2 Universal temperate-tropical species,2 Mediterranean-sub species, the rest includes old world temperate-tropical species, sub type, monsoon region species, and northeast, northern China species.The bird activity in Fuzhou civil airport varies regularly by month, a bimodal curve was observed in variety aspect, two peak values were observed in March and October. The maxium amount was observed in March,36 species; the minmum amount observed in August is 13 species. On the other hand, bird population monthly curve is also bimodal, two peaks are located in May and October, the maxium amount in May is 363 birds, and 158 in October; minmum amount was observed in November,116 birds. Among all 76 bird species,11 can cause severe hazard to flight safety,9 species are harzardous,18 species are medium harzardous and 38 with lower risk. Bird species which been categorized in severe harzadous and harzardous level are the main target in preventing airport bird strik.(3) The survey towards 4 different habitats and their avian varieties was conducted from March 2013 to February 2014. In different habitat and different month, the variety and number of birds varies. The least avian species per month were found in residence-farmland habitat, and are basically resident avian species, which possess the least threat to flight safety. In other puhabitats, avian species change seasonally; the basic rules are both bird species and population reach the highes in spring, less and steady in summer and autumn; in winter, these numbers rise moderately. Different controlling measurements should be applied to different seasons accordingly.(4) Based on collected data, and the ecological relationship observed among turf plants, habitats and bird population around the airport, a series of controlling measurement for turf management, landscape management in airport area, habitate management as well as bird management were suggested in order to reduce the risk of bird strick.