| Flowering Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L. Ssp. Chinensis var. Ultilissen.et Lee, 2n=2x=20)is low temperature and long daylight herbaceous plant, it is a variant of Cruciferae Brassica cabbage subspecies, and is a specialty vegetables of Chinese.Flowering Chinese cabbage’s edible part is fat flower stalk, becouse of its unique flavor,crisp delicious taste, rich nutritious, it’s cultivated in many parts of Chinese. So far, the researches of flowering Chinese cabbage are mainly concentrated on varieties breeding and cultivation and management technology, but less on nutrition.This study measured the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids in 42 flowering Chinese cabbages from Hunan, Hubei,Sichuan and so on, and studied the content levels and distribution regularities of mineral elements in different flowering Chinese cabbages, and analyzed the content differences of mineral elements in different parts and different colors of flowering Chinese cabbages,and also analyzed the correlations among mineral elements and the correlations between mineral element and soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solids in flowering Chinese cabbages. This study also did cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Then it may get the flowering Chinese cabbages that have relatively high Ca, Fe, Zn contents and relatively low Na and Cu contents, and excavate resources for the development and utilization of flowering Chinese cabbage, and provide the theoretical foundation for the parents choice and matching of quality breeding of flowering Chinese cabbage. At the same time, this study also measured the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn in the hybrid and backcross generations of Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5A × flowering Chinese cabbage Hua 15, and Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5A×flowering Chinese cabbage Hua 16,and preliminary explored the rule of inheritance of mineral elements in flowering Chinese cabbage, in order to lay a foundation for the genetic research and gene mapping of mineral elements in flowering Chinese cabbage. The main results were as follows:1. The content characteristics and distribution regularities of mineral elements in flowering Chinese cabbageThe contents of different mineral elements were different in flowering Chinese cabbages, and the order from highest to lowest was K > Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Mn > Zn >Cu, among them, the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg were more than 1000 mg/kg, thecontents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn were less than 1000 mg/kg, and the content of Cu is less than20 mg/kg. The contents of the same mineral element was different in different flowering Chinese cabbages. The variation coefficients of mineral elements were between11.45%~83.73%, and the order from highest to lowest was Mn > Na > Zn > Cu > Ca >Fe > Mg > K, among them, the variation coefficients of Mn and Na were above of 60%,and the variation coefficients of the rest of mineral elements were lower than 30%. In general, the flowering Chinese cabbages that had relatively high Ca, Fe, Zn contents and relatively low Na and Cu contents were B03, B08, B14, B16, B22, B29, B32, B39 and so on.The analysis on the distribution state of eight mineral elements in flowering Chinese cabbages showed that K, Ca, Mg, Fe presented normal distribution, and Na, Mn, Cu, Zn presented positively skew distribution.The analysis on the mineral elements contents in different parts of flowering Chinese cabbages indicated that the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn were higher in leaves than in bolting stem of flowering Chinese cabbages, however, the contents of K and Na were higher in bolting stem than in leaves, and the content of Cu was similar in the two parts. Overall, there were higher mineral nutrition value in leaves than in bolting stem of flowering Chinese cabbages.The analysis on the mineral elements contents in the flowering Chinese cabbages with different leaf colors showed that the contents of mineral elements were higher in light leaf color of flowering Chinese cabbages. Although the mineral elements contents were low in the deep leaf color of flowering Chinese cabbages group, but some of them had higher mineral elements contents than light leaf color of flowering Chinese cabbages.and the variation ranges of mineral elements were wide in dark green and green flowering Chinese cabbages, so the deep leaf color of flowering Chinese cabbages also have higher application value to mineral nutrition breeding.2. Correlation analysis based on mineral elements contents in the leaves of flowering Chinese cabbagesThe correlation analysis was based on the concentrations of mineral elements in the leaves of flowering Chinese cabbages, the results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between K and Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn. Significant positive correlation was also identified between Ca and Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, and between Na and Mg, Cu. Fe and Mg, Mn, Cu were also significant positively correlated. Whereas the opposite correlationwas observed between Mn and Na, Zn.The results showed that there was no significant correlation between mineral elements and soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solid. Except the correlations between vitamin C and Ca, Na, Cu, Zn were significant or extremely significant positive correlation, soluble sugar and soluble solid were no significant correlation with mineral elements.3. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis based on the concentrations of mineral elements in the leaves of flowering Chinese cabbagesThe 42 flowering Chinese cabbages were divided into four groups at the place that the distance was 12.32. Group one included nine materials, such as B01, B02, B16, B15,B05, B06. Group two included twelve materials, such as B20, B21, B22, B41, B36, B38.Group three included eight materials, such as B03, B10, B11, B09. Group four included thirteen materials, such as B04, B17, B14, B25, B27, Among the four groups, group one and group two had the higher contents of mineral elements, soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solid, and had higher nutritional value.The principal component analysis of eight mineral elements in flowering Chinese cabbages extracted three principal components, and the comprehensive principal component equation was F= 0.638F1 + 0.204F2 + 0.158F3. According to the comprehensive principal component score sorting, the top five materials were B40, B39,B37, B42 and B22. And the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis are basically identical. As a result, The principal component comprehensive score can be used to evaluate the mineral nutrition of flowering Chinese cabbages. And in group one and tow, the B21, B22, B32, B33, B35, B37, B38, B39, B40, B41, B42 had higher Ca and Fe contents, among them, the B21, B22, B32, B33, B37, B38, B39, B40, B42 also had higher Zn contents, the B21, B35, B38, B41 had lower Cu contents.4. Genetic analysis of hybrid progenies of flowering Chinese cabbages and Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5AThis study measured the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the hybrids and backcross generations of Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5A×flowering Chinese cabbage Hua 15, and Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5A×flowering Chinese cabbage Hua 16,the analysis results show that flowering Chinese cabbages and Purple cai-tai CMS Eru-5A had good interspecific hybridization affinity, and the hybrids showed heterosis on mineral elements in some degree, but the heterosis were influenced by parentalgenotypes. In addition, the contents of mineral elements in the hybrids and backcross generations appeared a certain degree of fluctuation, and the fluctuation was obvious when flowering Chinese cabbages Hua 15 was the recurrent parent. And according to the maximum, variation range and coefficien of mineral elements in hybrids and backcross generations, it can be seen that BC1 generation is the key generation to improvement the mineral nutrition of flowering Chinese cabbages. |
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