| This study selected for wheat and corn crops in Hebei province typical grain-producing regions,where was in Gaocheng, Shenzhou, Daming, Xinji, explored different plough layer under the regulation, crops on cumulative nitrogen of soil use and the key techniques of high yield and high efficiency. Layout field calibration of field experiments and farmers, compared with traditional high yield water and nitrogen management, based on control water and nitrogen using soil conditioners and plant growth regulators(GGR) for the root layer of regulation, through the analysis of yield and N uptake in wheat-corn, different plough layer control of crop root growth, soil profiles on nitrogen distribution and accumulation, water and fertilizer use efficiency and so on, revealed different plough layer regulates measures to tap the potential of crop nitrogen utilization, for improved wheat corn fertilizer using efficiency, and constructed key techniques of high yield and high efficiency, and established r utilization of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soil profile providing scientific guidance and mode theory, achieved green growth of high-yield farmland to maintain sustainable development of agricultural production.The study got the following main conclusions:(1) Gaocheng(first quarter) and Daming GGR anniversary of the production were significantly higher than that of conventional water and nitrogen, Gaocheng(the second quarter) and Shenzhou GGR anniversary of the production were also higher than that of traditional water and nitrogen, but there were no significant difference; Gaocheng,Daming GGR and Shenzhou Agh treatment N uptake were significantly higher than that of conventional water and nitrogen. In farmer’s field when checking found that, the wheat season, Agh+CRU production was significantly higher than that of high-yield control; the corn season,Gaocheng GGR+CRU production was significantly higher than that of high-yield control, Xinji Agh+CRU production was significantly higher than that of high-yield control,so root control measures could increase the annual production of wheat and corn.(2) First wheat-corn rotation, in 0-200 cm layer, the soil residual nitrate-N of Gaocheng and Shenzhou GGR were significantly lower than that of traditional water and nitrogen, especially at 60-100 cm layer soil residue nitrate nitrogen was the lowest; Second wheat-corn rotation, the soil residual nitrate-N of Gaocheng Agh and Daming GGR were significantly lower than traditional water and nitrogen. Overall, GGR and Agh could reduce NO3--N cumulative volume significantly in deep layers and the risk of leaching.(3) Jointing stage of wheat, 0-20 cm soil layer, Gaocheng and Daming Agh treatment of root distributions higher than traditional water and nitrogen, 60-80 cm soil layer, both topsoil measures root length density were higher than the traditional water and nitrogen, 80-100 cm soil layer, root distribution of both GGR processed more. Bell stage of corn, 0-10 cm soil layer, the highest root distribution was in Gaocheng CRU, 10-60 cm soil layer, Agh root length density was significantly higher than that of traditional water nitrogen and other root-level control, and in 0-50 cm soil layer, the root length density of Daming GGR was higher than traditional water and nitrogen, indicated that root control measures could promote root development on key growth stage of wheat- maize.(4) First wheat-corn rotation, Water use efficiency of plough layer control in Gaocheng were significantly higher than those of the conventional water and nitrogen, nitric nitrogen productivity compared with traditional water had improved on average by 17.94kg/kg, GGR improved 22.43kg/kg; water use efficiency of plough layer control in Shenzhou were higher than traditional water and nitrogen, but the differences was small, the nitrogen partial productivity had improved on average by 15.62kg/kg, which Agh improved 15.74kg/kg. Second wheat-corn rotation, water use efficiency of plough layer control in Gaocheng and Daming more increased on average by 3.76kg/m3 than traditional water and nitrogen and 2.83kg/m3, nitrogen productivity increased on average by 20.66kg/kg and 18.08kg/kg, indicated that root control measures were able to raise water and nitrogen use efficiency.(5) The root layer control of Gaocheng and Shenzhou in 2012-2013 reduced averagely investment 73yuan/667m2, cost-saving and efficiency 145 yuan/667m2. The root layer control of Gaocheng and Daming in 2013-2014 reduced averagely investment 83yuan/667m2, cost-saving and efficiency 215yuan/667m2. In farmer’s field when checking found that, wheat season, the root layer control of Gaocheng and Xinji reduced averagely inputs 28.04 yuan/667m2, cost-saving and efficiency 322.83yuan/667m2; corn season, both of the root layer control reduced averagely inputs 25.17yuan/667m2, cost-saving and efficiency 100.83yuan/667m2, indicated that root control measures could significantly save costs and increase profitability and revenue. |
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