Effnects Of Water And Nitrogen Regulation On Water And Nitrogen Utilization Of Winter Wheat In Heilonggang Region Of Hebei Province

In view of the shortage of water resources in Heilongjiang Province,the annual rainfall during wheat growth is only 100~120 mm,mainly concentrated in summer,which cannot meet the needs of normal growth and development of wheat.In order to obtain higher yields of wheat,the traditional irrigation times of farmers have a large amount of irrigation,resulting in low efficiency of wheat water and fertilizer use,and increased labor costs affect farmers'economic benefits.In this paper,the field experiment method was adopted to study winter wheat as the research object,and the traditional irrigation method of irrigation and water and fertilizer was set up.Under the irrigation,no nitrogen fertilizer,farmers'nitrogen fertilizer,recommended nitrogen fertilizer,recommended nitrogen fertilizer for nitrogen reduction 20%,formula fertilizer nitrogen reduction 20%,formula fertilizer nitrogen reduction 20%+DCD,bio-organic fertilizer replacement 20%.Water and fertilizer integrated micro-sprinkler irrigation set recommended nitrogen fertilizer,recommended nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen reduction 20%,base fertilizer+water soluble fertilizer 1 and base fertilizer+water soluble fertilizer 2.Soil nutrients,growth and development status and water and fertilizer use efficiency of wheat under different treatments were analyzed to explore the irrigation methods and fertilization modes to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer under border irrigation can promote the growth and development of wheat plants.Nitrogen regulators have a positive effnect on soil moisture regulation.The surface water content of nitrogen control treatment was3.2%~15.1%higher than that of control and farmer's habitual treatment.Water-soluble fertilizer treatment increased surface water content by 1.5%~3.5%compared with recommended nitrogen application.(2)Water and fertilizer integrated micro-sprinkler irrigation significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content in 0~100 cm soil layer during wheat growth period.Nitrogen regulator can inhibit nitrate nitrogen.Soil nitrate nitrogen can be reduced by 29.6%~64.0%.The water use efficiency of micro-spraying treatment was 24.2%~27.2%higher than that of traditional border irrigation.(3)At the same level of nitrogen application,adding nitrogen regulators increased wheat yield was increased by 4.5%~8.7%,and net income by 563.67~1085.76 yuan/hm~2.Micro-sprinkler irrigation increased the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle,the number of effective panicles increased by 3.4%~9.3%,the water use efficiency increased by 24.2%~27.2%,and the economic benefit increased by 9.3%~16.6%(4)The water use efficiency of traditional irrigation with nitrogen regulator was4.4%~8.5%higher than that without nitrogen regulator.Under micro-sprinkler irrigation,bottom fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer treatment 2 could increase water use efficiency by 3.0%~7.4%and nitrogen production efficiency by 3.0%~70.9%.In conclusion,the application of nitrogen regulators has a significant positive effect on the effective utilization of nitrogen,dry matter and yield.Micro-sprinkler irrigation can effectively improve water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.Under the two-irrigation mode,micro-sprinkler irrigation bottom fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer 2treatment can improve water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency while maintaining high yield and economic benefits.It is a recommended water and nitrogen management mode.