Research On The Technology Of Green Prevention And Control Against Apple Diseases And Pests

The development of organic apple in China is relatively slow. Organic apple production technologies including pest control are lagging advanced world The proportion of organic apple in apple production of China is relatively small. While with the development of society and economy, people are becoming stricter with safety production of agricultural product. The recognition of consumers for organic production is becoming higher, and the market demand of organic apple is going up. The aims of the present research are to reduce or eliminate apple diseases and pests with some agricultural,physical, biological and medical control methods. Several tests were applied to verify the feasibility of these measures for effective prevention and control of diseases and pests of apple. The main results are as follows:1. Through the control effects of Valsa canker with green prevention and control technology, the results showed that: the method that striking off Valsa canker lesion and packaging loam clay mixed with “Bosheng Fertilizer”, had the lowest recurrence rate of Valsa canker in the 3 treatments, and there was no difference with the positive control drug methyl thio NAA. The control effect of striking off lesion and applying “Yingbaosu” microorganism or 25% salt water is poor. These 3 methods have a certain role in promoting wound healing in tree; the difference among them was not significant.2. The research of insect pests trapped by Pest-Killing Lamp in the apple orchard showed that there was a good trapping effect on apple pests. The trapped insects mainly included Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera and Heteroptera. Leaf pests accounted for the main proportion and reached 93.03% ratio of all the trapped apple pests. Fruit pests accounted for 5.7%. The main varieties included Anomala corpulenta, Motschulsky, Spilonota lechriaspis, Meyrick, Melolonthidae, Phalera flavescens etc. The main natural enemy trapped by Pest-Killing Lamp accounted for a small proportion, mainly including ladybug, lacewing, parasitic wasps etc.3. Control effects of several different biological pesticides against Stephanitis nashi and Thosea sinensis showed that when the diluted concentration of 1.3% matrine agent was 0.0087 g/L could effectively control Stephanitis nashi and Thosea sinensis. There was no significant difference with 50% Sulfoxaflor WDG and 48% Chlorpyrifos EC against the same pest. However, 7.5% rotenone agent, 0.3% osthole agent and 1.5% pyrethrin aqueous emulsion had poor control effects.4. Results showed that 1.3% matrine agent had good prevention effect against larvae of Apriona germari when the concentration was 0.43 g/L, 0.26 g/L, 0.13 g/L. There was the same control effect with chemical fumigation 77.5% dichlorvos EC, which could reach more than 90%. Diluted 1.3% matrine agent to 0.065 g/L had certain control effects against larvae of Apriona germari, the relative control effect was 67%.5. The dynamic observation of main pests and natural enemies in apple orchard showed that without using chemicals totally, and by applying Pest-Killing Lamp,releasing predatory mites-- Neoseiulus barkeri, Hughes, hanging gyplure and other measures could effectively control Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, pest mites, Stephanitis nashi, Grapholitha molesta and etc. It maintained the species and quantity of natural enemies in the apple orchard, and there was no significant difference with conventional management apples.