Study On The Control Methods Against Diseases And Insect Pests For Organic Apple Orchards

With less experienced production technology, organic agriculture is developing in theearly stages in China. There are a few scientific reports on diseases and pests control fororganic apple production, and the integrated pests and diseases control program is notavailable yet. However, as the requirements of consumers on food safety increasing, theorganic products have a huge potential market.Organic methods were applied in the present study to control the apple pests, andagricultural, physical, biological measures have been used as alternatives of chemicalcontrol methods to eliminate pollution and damage to the environment. The aim of thepresent study is to develop a theoretical system for building integrated organic applediseases and insect pests control technology. The research results are as follows:1. The organic control methods against apple Valsa canker. In vitro experiments werecarried out to test the biological activity of Pythium oligandrum (Polyversum) againstValsa mali, and field trials were made to test the control efficacy of P. oligandrum againstapple Valsa canker. The results showed that1000times dilution of Polyversum gave84.44%inhibition against mycelium growth of V. mali. While no significant controlefficacy had been found of the treatment100times dilution Polyversum in the field testsagainst apple Valsa canker. Mud coverage method was tested for apple Valsa cankercontrol in the field trials. The results showed that mud coverage can effective control appleValsa canker, and60d、90d and150d of mud coverage gave100%control efficacy, whilethe recurrence rate of the control treatment without mud coverage treatment reached70%.2. Black light lamp was used to trap and kill pests in this paper. The results showedthat10orders,65families, and as many as17772head insect pests were trapped and killedin total from June4thto September16thin2013. The trapping and killing effect of blacklight lamp to the insect pests such as Anomala corpulenta M, Holitrichia oblita,Leafhopper, Phalera flavescens in the apple orchard was significant, and the proportion is26.1%of the total trapped insects. The ratio was16:1between insect pests and naturalenemies. Among the trapped and killed insect pests, leaf-feeding insects took a bigproportion, and the relatively abundance was19.37%. Black light lamp method can be an effective insect pest control method for the organic apple orchards.3. Five kinds of biological pesticides were tested in the field for green apple aphidcontrol. The results showed that7.5%Rotenone AS was the best product for green appleaphid control for its fast insecticidal action and longer duration. The control effect reached84.40%at10days after treatment. Though1.5%Pyrethrin Emulsion in Water (EW) gavethe second high control effect, the short-lasting and high cost made it uneconomic. As aresult,7.5%of Rotenone AS can be used to control green apple aphids in organic appleorchards.4. Five kinds of biological pesticide were tested in laboratory by dipping method totest the control effect against Anomala corpulenta M. Results showed that500timesdilution of1.5%Pyrethrin EW had the best contact toxicity against Anomala corpulentaM., the mortality rate reached93.33%at24h after treatment, and there was no significantdifference compare with chemical control522.5g/L Dursban EC. Therefore,1.5%Pyrethrin EW can be used to control Anomala corpulenta M. in organic apple orchards.