| Rice as the main food crops in our province, the water consumption is bigger, but due to the shortage of water resources in our province, uneven distribution of annual rainfall, and affected by the traditional planting pattern, rice water use efficiency is low, the different reproductive stages have different demands for water, which severely restrict the sustainable development of high and stable yield of rice. Therefore, for the purpose of water saving and high yield, must be conducted the comprehensive pattern study of rice, in order to determine the optimal cultivation pattern\ irrigation pattern and planting density, provide theoretical reference and technical support for the water-saving and high yield of local rice.In this paper, on the basis of the 2013 and 2014 in Qing’an County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang province rice irrigation experiment center of the lysimeter experiment, studied the different cultivation patterns(dry direct seeding A1, water direct seeding A2, transplanting A3), different irrigation pattern(shallow wet B1, control II B2, control I B3), different planting density(32 points / square meters C1, 24 points / square meters C2, 20 point / square meters C3) three kinds of patterns, analyzed the three kinds of patterns of each growing period of rice water requirement rules, rice reproductive traits, yield and water use efficiency, research results are as follows:(1) The water requirement of each pattern were as follows: jointing stage > mid tillering > milk stage > heading stage > turning-green stage >early tillering > yellow ripeness stage > late tillering. Between process,transplanting is higher than direct seeding, A2 is higher than A1; B1 > B2 > B3. With the increase of density, the water requirement increased.(2) Tillering curve reduced after increased, in the mid-tillering tillering curve began to decline after rising to a peak, to compare with transplanting, the tillers number of direct seeding reduced, tillering peak of the direct seeding delay;B1 had more ineffective tillers, tiller peak in advance, B3 had the least effective tillers, B2 had the most effective tillers; with density increasing, effective panicles per point was shown as C3 > C2 > C1, effective panicles per unit area was shown as C2 > C3 > C1. The roughly trend of plant height was shown as slow growth in the early stage, and tending to be stable with felling slightly in the later stage, A3 was slightly higher than A2 and significantly higher than A1; B1 >B2 > B3. With the increase of density of rice, plant height decrease.(3) Effective panicle number and grain number had significant effects on yield, thousand seed weight and seed setting rate had no big effect on yield. Yield of transplanting was significantly higher than that of direct seeding, A2 was slightly higher than A1; B2> B1 > B3, B3 and B2\ B1 yield had very significant difference, B1 and B2 had significant difference; there was much very significant difference between three planting densities, the yield of C2 was the highest, C1 was in the middle, C3 was the lowest.(4) The irrigation water use efficiency was shown as: A3 > A2 > A1, B2 > B1 ≧ B3, C2 > C3 > C1. Rice water use efficiency was shown as: transplanting was significantly higher than direct seeding, A1 was slightly higher than A2; in irrigation mode B2 was up to 1.79 kg/m3, it was respectively 21.8% higher than B1, 5% higher than B3, under different planting density C2 > C3 > C1.(5) According to the different pattern between "rice yield- water demand" and "water use efficiency- water demand" curves can be obtained: A3B2C2, namely: transplanting cultivation pattern,control Ⅱ irrigation pattern, planting density 9×4 combination well coordinate the relationship between the yield and water use efficiency, A3B2C2 is the optimal combination pattern for the rice water saving and high yield.(6) Through the quote of Jensen model can be concluded that the critical period of water requirement production loss caused by water deficit order from large to small is: earing > jointing-booting stage > milk stage > tillering stage. |
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