| Linoleic acid is one of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is necessary for honeybee. Linoleic acid can regulate lipid metabolism, gene expression and the differentiation of adipocytes, maintain the function of cell membrane, and improve animal immunity performance. At present, there is no clear reference standard of the appropriate linoleic acid level in diet of honeybee(Apis mellifera L.). In this experiment, Apis mellifera L. as the research object, by using linoleic acid as the test materials, through the determination of different levels of dietary linoleic acid on Apis mellifera L. larvae and adult growth, to investigate the appropriate linoleic acid level in diet of bee stage. The results of this study for the development of bee, bee feeding standard formulated diets, and provide a theoretical basis and guidance of larvae fed on artificial.The first experiment was conducted to study the appropriate linoleic acid levels in the diet of apis mellifera ligustica larvae. 1152 larvae were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 192 replicates in each group, and were added with 0%(control group), 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1% linoleic acid respectively. The trial lasted for 7 days. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with control, the diet containing 0.1% linoleic reduced the percentage of pupation(P<0.05). 2) Compared with control, linoleic at the level of 0.04% increased the total protein concentration of larvae at 5 days old significantly(P<0.05), when the worker larvae developed into pupa at 7 days old, 0.1% linoleic increased the pupae protein content significantly(P<0.05). 3) Compared with control, the 0.02% linoleic had significant supressed effects on the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor(PPAR) ?(P<0.05), but 0.08% linoleic had stimulating effects on the activity of PPAR? and PPAR? at 6 days old. 4) Compared with control, the linoleic level at 0.04% and 0.08% improved the activity of fatty acid synthetase(FAS) of polypide at 6 days old(P<0.05). Acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC) protein content of polypide at 5 days old was improved by 0.08% linoleic(P<0.05) and ACC protein content of polypide at 6 days old was improved by 0.06% and 0.1% linoleic(P<0.05). 5) Different level linoleic had no effect on the expression of FAS and ACC(P>0.05). According to the curve fitting results of the percentage of pupation and protein concentration, it is concluded that the appropriate linoleic additive level in apis mellifera ligustica worker larvae diet are 0.024% to 0.037%.The second part is a research about the appropriate linoleic acid level in diet of honeybee(Apis mellifera L.) adult. The primary bee were randomly divided into 6 groups, the control was fed the basal diet, the test group were fed diets supplemented with 0.35%, 0.7%, 1.05%, 1.4% and 1.75% of linoleic acid, the test was divided into two batch feeding, the first batch of 100 rats in each group, for the determination of physiological and biochemical and molecular markers, seventh, to collect the samples 14 days, 5 rats in each group repeat. The second group of 100 rats in each group, during the test feed them every day, calculate the daily feed intake, remove dead bees for the average daily feed intake and survival rate. The results show that: 1) linoleic acid in a certain range of concentration increase dadult survival rate, dietary linoleic acid was the highest survival rate is 1.05%; the average daily feed intake had no significant difference(P>0.05). 2) addition level of linoleic acid significantly affected the bee body protein concentration(P<0.05), the protein concentration of bee was first increased and then decreased, when the level of linoleic acid added in the range of 0%~1.4%, the bee body protein concentration increased gradually, to improve the level of linoleic acid added to 1.75%, bee body protein concentration began to decline. 3) dietary linoleic acid have a significant effect on T-AOC of bee for 14 day old(P<0.05),T-AOC showed a gradual upward trend, linoleic acid concentration was positively correlated with T-AOC. 4) in general, with the increase of dietary linoleic acid concentration, the activity of FAS and the concentration of ACCincreased firstly and then decreased. Compared with the control group, the supplementation of 0.7% linoleic acid significantly increased the bee body fatty acid synthase(FAS) activity(P<0.05); 0.35%~1.4% linoleic acid level significantly increased the bee body of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC) concentration(P<0.05). According to the results of fitting curve of four indicators for survival rate, protein concentration, FAS activity and ACC concentration, the appropriate linoleic acid level in diet of Apis mellifera L.( adult) was 0.89% ~ 1.07%. |
