Research On Effects Of Special Fertilizer And Plastic Film Mulching On Jujube In The Hilly Regions Of Northern Shannxi

The hilly regions of Northern Shaanxi area is the main jujube production area of Shaanxi province. However, the precipitation and poor soil nutrition are the limit factors for jujube production. In Northern Shaanxi area, because of unreasonable fertilization, the soil became more stiffness, lower nutrition. These may affect the yield and quality of jujube. The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of fertilizer ratio and plastic film mulching on hilly regions fruit tree growth, leaves nutrition and the yield and Photosynthetic characteristics of jujube. Taking Mu-zao and Zanhuang-zao, we set 8 treatments under the treatments of mulching cultivation and bare cultivation management respectively. They are no fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer, mixed fertilizer of nitrogenous, phosphate and potassium and organic fertilizer and mixed fertilizer of inorganic fertilizers. From this study, we have following conclusions:1、Rational fertilization can promote fruit tree growth and yield, and Plastic mulching also can significantly enhance the dry weight of one hundred leaves and thickness of one hundred leaves growth indicators.In flower stage、fruit enlargement stage and ripening stage,the dry weight of one hundred leaves in fertilizer treatments of bare cultivation were significant higher than CK treatment, and the MNPK treatment mulching cultivation is the best one which increased 58.22 %、24.01 %、37.50 % respectively, the MNPK treatment mulching cultivation is the best one which increased 16.52 %、26.72 %、31.01 % respectively;the MNPK treatment of mulching cultivation than bare cultivation respectively increased19.60 % 、 16.15 % 、 1.02 %. Thickness of one hundred leaves, the MNPK treatment of mulching cultivation than bare cultivation respectively increased 10.26 %、4.49 %、5.60 % in flower stage、fruit enlargement stage and ripening stage.2、Covering and fertilization can increase the leaves nutrition, especially in the MNPK treatment. In flower stage 、 fruit enlargement stage and ripening stage, the nitrogen and potassium content of leaves in MNPK treatments were significant higher than CK treatment,which increased 6.80 % and 14.07 %,6.21 % and 10.72 %,7.96 % and 13.13 % respectively.However, the phosphorus of leaves in MNPK treatment was significant higher than CK treatment, flower stage was increased by 0.47 %, and fruit enlargement stage and ripeningstage was reduced by 3.98 %、10.56 % respectively. In flower stage、fruit enlargement stage and ripening stage, the Nitrogen and phosphorus of leaves in the MNPK treatment of mulching cultivation were significant higher than treatment of bare cultivation, which increased 0.82 % and 4.35 %, 3.84 % and 18.92 %,5.60 % and 21.37 % respectively.However, the potassium content of leaves in the MNPK treatment of covered than bared flower stage was increased by 5.73 %, and fruit enlargement stage and ripening stage was reduced by 7.45 % and 3.73 % respectively.3、Fruit enlargement period of photosynthesis saturation point in 1600 ~ 1800 μmol/(㎡·s)of Chinese jujube, with the increase of coverage and fertilizer, light saturation point decreases.Fertilization can improve the maximum net photosynthetic rate of jujube, organic inorganic NPK fertilizer processing and processing by 30.75 % and 25.21 % higher than CK treatment respectively. Plastic mulching also can improve the maximum net photosynthetic rate of jujube, under plastic film mulching fertilizer treatment and organic inorganic NPK ratio not covered under the same fertilizer treatments increased by 6.60 % and 11.73 % respectively.4、Fruit transpiration rate and water use efficiency increases with the increasing of the mulching film and fertilizer. MNPK treatment transpiration rate and water use efficiency compared with CK treatment increased by 30.16 % and 2.35 % respectively, the MNPK treatment of mulching cultivation than bare cultivation the transpiration rate and water use efficiency increased by 5.00 % and 9.20 % respectively. Comprehensive transpiration rate and water use efficiency, under plastic film mulching and organic inorganic NPK treatment jujube photosynthetic efficiency is highest.Form the results of the effect of fertilizer ratio on orchard fruit tree growth, leaves nutrition and the yield and Photosynthetic characteristics of jujube. We argue that treatment of mulching cultivation, mixed fertilizer of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizer is the optimized Jujube cultivation model for the hilly regions of Northern Shaanxi area.