| At present most of the mining areas in our country are under great pressure at mining land reclamation, and the key to land reclamation is to increase soil organic matter quickly and increase stability of soil ecosystem. It is a very useful biological technique to apply bio-organic fertilizer, and to give the Integrated Management and improvement to the soil of mining waste land. By applying six different biological fertilizers, which were marked as No.1 (APK-D), No.2 (APK-DF), No.3 (APK-DH), No.4 (YPK-D), No.5 (YPK-DF), No.6 (YPK-DH). Those bio-organic fertilizers all were made of by-products of lignitous coal, weathered coal in mining area, and the by-products were used as a microbial adsorption substrate instead to replace compost partially. The three kinds of functional bacterial strains were added into the microbial adsorption substrate, and using microbial technology then made the microbial adsorption substrate fermentation. The experiments include potted wheat and simulating culture experiments. The purpose of the study is to invest the effect of the different bio-organic fertilizers on reclaimed soil, including the changes of soil nutrition and biological number and diversity in the soil, as well as the growth of the wheat. All those of experiments were to screen out a best bio-organic fertilizer with an optimal proportion, and it could be used for mining land reclamation, in turn the experiment would be provide theoretically reference for the biological reclamation of mining area in northern China. The experimental results were as follows.(1) Use of the six different fertilizers had an effect on soil nutrition to some extent. The soil nutrition in all potted culture was lower than that in the simulating experiment. The nutrition element that was best impacted on in potted experiments was available kalium, and the experiment showed there was no significant influence on hydrolysable nitrogen and available phosphorus. Good results were found when bio-fertilizer No.1, No.4 and No. 5 were use, and their use could increase soil nutrition efficiently. For the simulating experiment, available kalium and rapid available phosphorus showed a significant increase in the treatment plots than that in CK plot, and effectiveness was significant in the all plots for using No.1 and No.4 fertilizers.(2) Use of bio-organic fertilizer could increases microbiological number in the soil, and the bacteria and fungus number in the soil of potted experiment was larger than that in the soil of simulating experiment, but the number of actinomycetes in potted experiment was lower than that in the soil of simulating experiment. The results of the potted experiment showed that the number of bacteria and fungus in all treatment was significantly higher than that in CK, and the number of actinomycetes was significantly high in No.6 and No.5 treatments. In the simulating experiment the number of both bacteria and actinomycetes was significantly higher in No.6 treatment and the number of fungus was significantly higher in No.1 treatment than in other treatments.(3) Under both two experiments capacity utilization of soil for carbon increased with culture time. Higher microbial metabolic activity was found in potted experiments than in simulating ones, and moreover dominance index of Simpon(D) and richness index (Shannon(H)) were higher in potted experiments than in simulating ones. However, evenness index (Shannon(E)) was lower in potted experiment than that in simulating ones. There was good microbial metabolism capacity for use of No.2 in potted experiment and use of No.1 in simulating experiment. PC analysis showed that the fertilizer of No.2 in potted experiment and ones of No.1 and No.3 distributed alone PC1 and PC2 forward direction. Correlation of AWCD values with dominance index was significant, Correlation of dominance index with richness index was significant.(4) The all 6 kinds of bio-organic fertilizers could promote the growth of wheat in the soil of mining area. At the 40th day from the beginning of wheat growing the No.5, No.6 and No.3 treatment had great erect on height of the wheat, chlorophyll, leaf number and biomass. At the 70th day the No.3 and No.6 treatment had significant impact on growing of wheat. At the 100th day the No.5 and No.4 treatment had the great biomass among all treatments. Applying of bio-organic fertilizer could promote absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the wheat.In summary, all six kinds of fertilizer we used had to some extent some roles in increasing soil nutrition and microbial number of soil the in coal mining area, and in improvement of soil microbial function and wheat growing. Among the 6 kinds of the fertilizer, compared from comprehensive view, the effect of the treatment of No.4 and No.5 on soil nutrition, biomass and absorption of nutrition elements was consistent, and the comprehensive effect was relatively good. |
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