Effects Of Inoculant On Cow Manure Compost And Its Nitrogen Transformation Microbes

Composting is the main treatment way of agriculture and animal husbandry solid waste,such as cow manure,during natural composing there were some issues including that it needed a long time to be maturity, loss of a lot of nutrition and secondary pollution seriously and so on. It has been widely confirmed that inoculants enhanced the microbial decomposition activity of organic matter,reduced nitrogen loss,accelerated the composting process and improved the quality of compost. Microbes is the main actuating factors of nitrogen transformation during composting, closely related with the process of composting and compost quality, however, especially the research of inoculant on community changes of nitrogen transformation microbes was few.This paper studied the effects of inoculant on physicochemica properties of cow manure straw compost and on dynamic and diversity composting of ammonifying bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria using PCR-DGGE technology, focuses on understanding knowledge of nitrogen transformation during composting and providing theoretical guidance for the compost production practice deeply.The main results of this study are as follows:1.Inoculant increased the composting temperature that the highest temperature reached 62 ℃at 3³6d（P<0.05）; increased the content of nitrogen and reduce the water ratio at 3⁴5d（P<0.05）; reduced the carbon consumption（P<0.01）, reduced the value of C/N to make it more closely to the maturity standard effectively at 3, 7, 21 and 36d; increased significantly the content of NH4+-N at 21³6d（P<0.05）; can effectively increase the content of NO3--N at 7³6d（P<0.05）; Shorted the composting period and promoted the maturity of the compost.2. Through the determination analysis of ammonifiers found,inoculant increased significantly the quantity of ammonifiers at 3, 15 and 21d; inoculant increased the diversity of ammonifiers, the maximum value of the diversity index appeared at 3d.The specific ammonifiers was Bacillus horikoshii strain CMB14 during the natural compost.In natural compost and inoculant compost there were Bacillus thuringiensis strain DL10,Bacillus subtilis strain g6 l,Bacillus nealsonii strain WS1,Bacillus sp.VITJSS,Bacillus horikoshii strain CMB14,Bacillus halodurans strain BG5,Bacillus niacini strain TN17,Bacillus circulans and Bacillus subtilis strain VB9,and that blong to Bacillus halodurans strain,Bacillus thuringiensis strain,Bacillus subtitles strain,Bacillus niacin strain,Bacillus circulars,Bacillus horikoshii strain.3. Through the determination analysis of ammonia oxidizing archaea found, inoculant increased the diversity of ammonia oxidizing archaea, the maximum value of the diversity index appeared at 36 d. The specific ammonia oxidizing archaea was Uncultured XFNAOA18 amo A at 15 d during the natural compost, the specific ammonia oxidizing archaea was Uncultured archaeon clone SEPHIV₂ amo A at 7d and 15 d during the inoculant compost. In natural compost and inoculant compost there were Uncultured archaeon clone POTU4 amo A, Uncultured archaeon clone 2-39 amo A、Uncultured archaeon clone 5-68 amo A,Uncultured archaeon clone A0619 amo A,Uncultured ammonia-oxidizing archaeon clone QTWAOA32 amo A,Uncultured archaeon clone A2816 amo A,Uncultured archaeon clone A6702 amo A,Uncultured thaumarchaeote clone OTU₃ amo A,Uncultured crenarchaeote clone PB75-13 amo A,Uncultured archaeon clone POTU4 amo A,they are uncultured strains, belong to thaumarchaeote and crenarchaeote.4.Through the determination analysis of ammonia oxidizing bacteria found,inoculant increased the diversity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the maximum value of the diversity index appeared at 15d;The specific strains were Nitrosococcus oceani strain AFC24P（amo A） gene and Uncultured bacterium gp1 a amo A gene at 7d, it was at 15d;in natural compost and inoculant compost there were Uncultured bacterium gp18 amo A gene, Nitrosospira sp. En I299（amo A）gene、Nitrosospira sp. En13（amo A） gene,Nitrosospira sp.Wyke8（amo A） gene,Nitrosococcus oceani strain SW N. oceani（amo A） gene,Nitrosococcus oceani strain AFC36（amo A） gene、Uncultured proteobacterium isolate DGGE gel band L-3（amo A） gene、Uncultured proteobacterium isolate DGGE gel band L-2（amo A） gene、Uncultured Nitrosospira sp.clone ISA00172（amo A） gene、Uncultured Nitrosospira sp.clone ISA00164（amo A） gene 、 Uncultured Nitrosospira sp.clone ISA00160（amo A） gene, that belong to Nitrosospira sp.,Nitrosococcus sp.,Uncultured proteobacterium.