| Tea(Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) belongs to the subtropical evergreen crop, which ever associated in our subtropical evergreen broad leaf in rainforest and monsoon forest, it is perennial crop that needs more nitrogen and creats the higher economic benefits. Increasing nitrogen is an essential measure to improve the yield and quality of tea, but the effect of nitrogen in tea garden is not endless. Unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer not only causes the falling of nitrogen’s utilization, the reducing of quality and yield of tea, but also damages to the ecological environment. Therefore, in the production it should not fertilizer nitrogen blindly and unlimitedly, otherwise it will have an exactly opposite effect. In recent years, tea fertilizer researched much more, but it mainly concentrated in the ratio structure between organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the structure between the ratio of inorganic fertilizers, base and topdressing fertilizer, and the issue of comparing the applicator, furrow fertilization, fertigation and so on. But the effect of nitrogen of tea is lower,which only 30% to 35% typically,the most nitrogen applied in the tea garden loses by ammonia volatilization, denitrification and NO3-leaching and other ways.It is relatively less about how to improve the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, this study investigates the impact on the quality and yield of tea and the soil fertility under different fertilizer application methods and different fertility,which has important theoretical and practical significance.Three fertilization modes were set up —broadcast fertilization, furrow fertilization and furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching, and the use of different amounts of nitrogen in the furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching,we drawed the following conclusions:1. Different fertilization patterns of tea both can improve the quality of tea, but the furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching was better than furrow fertilization, Broadcast fertilization had the worst effects on soil fertility and tea yield components and quality. Compared with furrow fertilization, furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching increased tea water extract, caffeine and free amino acids contents by 2.24%,7.26%, 14.68%, decreased polyphenols and phenol ammonia ratio by 1.88%.14.36.2. Different fertilization models both can improve tea yield, compared with broadcast fertilization and furrow fertilization,the bud leaf density improved 8.50% under furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching, respectively, and the bud leaf length impro 8.15% and 13.60%, respectively.3. Different fertilization modes can enhance the fertility of tea garden, broadcast fertilization enhanced least. Compared with furrow fertilization, furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching decreased pH by 8.16% and 5.30% in the surface and deep, then surface organic matter, total nitrogen, available P and K respectively improved 10.87%, 26.74%,17.95%,34.69%,25.42%, deep organic matter, total nitrogen, available P and K respectively improved 10.38%,28.22%,25.64%,15.34%,17.97%.4. Different fertilizer levels both can improve the quality of tea, tea yield and soil fertility under furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching, and the quality of tea, tea yield and soil fertility increased as the amount of nitrogen enhancing. However, the differences in the effects of 75 kg·hm-2 and 90 kg·hm-2 treatments were not significant in terms of tea quality and yield components.5. Through experimental analysis,we can initially clear in the tea garden fertilization that furrow fertilization with plastic-film mulching can effectively improve the fertilizer efficiency and the economic efficiency of tea garden, it provides an economical, environmentally friendly, high-quality and yield fertilizer model for the tea actual production. |
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