Study On Resource Use Efficiency Of Winter Wheat Under Different Cultivation Models In Wheat And Maize Rotation System Of Huang-huai Area

In order to achieve high efficient utilization of resources in wheat and maize rotation of Huang-huai area, AK58 was chosen as the experimental material in Xinxiang comprehensive experimental station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2013-2014. According to planting and seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation, we integrated models T1, T2, T3, set local traditional cultivation model(FM)and model CK with no nitrogen application in all growth stage as contrasts to study plant growing, photosynthetic characteristics, material accumulation and yield traits under five cultivation models. And we analyzed nitrogen transport characteristics in soil-plant system with straw returning, and estimated the light and heat resource use efficiency under five cultivation models based on local light and heat resources. The purpose is to explain yield formation mechanism under different cultivation models, and to establish a high-yield and high-efficient cultivation model in wheat and maize rotation of Huang-huai area. The main results were as follows:1. Selecting the appropriate sowing date, planting density, and nitrogen fertilizer combined with adequate water supply were more conducive to formation more population and spikes. T3 model had the highest population in maturity, T2 model was in the next place. Plant height under FM was significantly higher than other models, and plant height was significantly reduced under CK.2. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) in leaf from jointing to filling stage were improved under T1, T2 and T3 cultivation models. Dry matter in maturity under model T3 was higher, translocation amount and rate of pre-anthesis dry matter under model T2 was higher, the assimilation of post-anthesis dry matter input to grain under model T3 was higher.3. Total nitrogen accumulation amount and nitrogen translocation of vegetative organs were the highest under model T3. Nitrogen assimilation of post-anthesis under model FM was significantly higher than other treatments. Nitrogen transfer efficiency, grain nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen nutrient utilization patterns, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency under model T2 were significantly higher than other treatments. There had significant difference when model T1 compared with CK, T2 and T3. The whole growth period of nitrogen surplus showed as T1>FM>T2>T3>CK. Soil nitrogen residual of previous period was almost 90% in total nitrogen input, grain nitrogen and plant nitrogen were 3.82%~10.21% of total output. Improveing nitrogen accumulation in grain and plant was the main measure to control nitrogen surplus. Model T1 and FM had higher total nitrogen fertilizer, but the tiller mortality was higher in later growth period which waste most nutrition, resulted in higher apparent nitrogen loss. Model T2 had suitable ratio between base fertilizer and dressing to ensure wheat growing demand for nitrogen, improve nitrogen uptake of wheat, therefore the apparent nitrogen loss was lower than other models.4. The spike length and spikelet number of model T1 and FM were higher, sterile spike number of model T2 and T3 were lower, grain number of model T1 was higher, 1000-kernel weight was highest under model CK. Finally the grain yield showed as T2>T3>T1>FM>CK under five cultivation models. The photosynthetic production potential under CK and model FM was 27548.18 kg?hm-2, while the radiation and temperature production potential was 17205.14 kg?hm-2. And the photosynthetic production potential and the radiation and temperature production potential under three models was 26228.46 kg?hm-2 and 16072.66 kg?hm-2, respectively. Three adjustment models improved the use efficiency of light and heat resource, and T2 model showed the best.The study suggests that, the sowing rate and N inputs were decreased, N fertilizer and water supply were appropriate in the whole growth period under model T2, which meet the growth demand for wheat, the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and radiation and thermal use efficiency reached highest finally, it was the high yield and efficiency management model that could be promotion for the current wheat production. The plant population, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation were improved under model T3, and its yield was significant higher compared with FM, which was the super high-yield and high-efficiency management model that could be further research in the future.