Research On Water And Nitrogen Efficient Utilization On Summer Maize Under Different Cultivation Models

ZD958 which was the summer maize varieties of largest planting area in our country at present was chosen as the experimental material in Xinxiang comprehensive experimental station,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2015-2016,in order to find high-yield and high-efficiency water-fertilizer management model,improve the utilization efficiency of water and nutrient of corn,promote balanced development of yield component factors,achieve high summer corn yield and efficient utilization of resources in wheat and maize rotation of Huang-huai area in north china.According to harvest period,plant density,irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer,we integrated high yield and efficiency mode(HE),super high yield and efficiency mode(SH)and higher high yield and efficiency(HH),set local traditional cultivation mode(FP)and mode CK with no nitrogen application in all growth stage as contrasts.To study population growth,nitrogen translocation,yield formation,water use efficiency and temperature potential of corn plant combine with the light and heat ecological condition of Huang-huai area.Under Tries to explored dry weight,nitrogen accumulation and allocation,yield component factors of corn,in order to clear yield-increasing effect and mechanism,optimize allocation of fertilizer resource reasonably under different cultivation models.To provided theoretical basis and technical support of high yield and resource use efficiency,low loss and sustainable development.The main results were as follows:1.Compared with CK,HE,HH and SH patterns significantly increased the leaf LAI of the full-grown stage to the milk stage.The LAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of maize leaves increased significantly under nitrogen treatments.From the point of view of dry matter accumulation and transport,the dry matter quality of the mature population in SH was the highest in the two years.The dry matter accumulation after anthesis,post-flower dry matter contribution rate,population growth rate and the net assimilation rate under four nitrogen treatments in 2015 were no significant difference and significantly higher than that of CK mode.The Dry matter accumulation after anthesis,post-flower dry matter contribution rate of SH mode in 2016 were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The decay rate of leaf under the SH and HH modes were significantly larger than other treatments.2.From the aspects of nitrogen accumulation,transport and utilization efficiency,the total nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen translocation of the vegetative organs were the highest in the SH mode,and the post-anthesis nitrogen assimilation in FP mode was significantly higher than that of the other models,the nitrogen transport efficiency and the grain nitrogen yield index,nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer productivity and nitrogen utilization efficiency in HH mode were significantly higher than other modes.The HE and FP modes were no significant difference and significant difference from other mode,and different mode is HE> FP> H> SH> CK.3.From the analysis of yield component factors,the 1000-grain weight and the grain number per spike were higher in FP and HE modes.The empty ears was the highest in CK and SH modes,and the grain yield was SH≥HH> HE> FP> CK.For SH mode,the economy benefitwas the highest between 5 modes,reached 14801 and 14264yuan·hm-2in 2015 and 2016.HE Mode`s economy benefit was the second high between the five modes,reached14163 and 13279yuan·hm-2in 2015 and 2016.Therefore,this study shows that the sowing and nitrogen fertilizer input of HH mode is more appropriate,the fertilizer supply of HE mode in the whole growth period is suitable to meet the nutritional needs of maize at different growth stages,and the final yield,nitrogen use efficiency and light and heat utilization efficiency of HH mode were the highest.So it was the high yield and efficiency management model that could be promotion for the current wheat production.The plant population,flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation were improved under mode SH,and its yield was significant different compared with CK and FP,which provided the feasibility of further study on high density corn production in the future.