Response Of Soil Fauna To The Changes Of Environmental Factors In The Low-mountain Of The Changbai Mountains

Soil fauna is one of the critical components of terrestrial ecosystem and has a relatively stable and close relationship with the environmental factors to which the density of soil fauna, the structure of community and the number of group could all respond. Composition and structural characteristic of low-mountain soil fauna in Changbai Mountains is studied here, and the relationship between low-mountain soil fauna in Changbai Mountains and environmental factors is analyzed, since it could provide scientific evidence of soil zoology for the correlation between environment factors and the soil fauna Changbai Mountain Area, also can provide scientific evidence for the help to protect and restore the forest ecosystem and realize sustainable development and utilization of forest resource in Changbai Mountains.Soil fauna from four habitats containing secondary boreonemoral zone, secondary deciduous broad-leaf forest, Mongolia oak forest and farmland in Changbai low-mountain area were respectively investigated in Spring(May), Summer(July) and Fall(September) of 2014. We mainly researched the faunal composition, structure and dynamic of soil fauna community, emphatically discussed the relationship between soil fauna and soil environmental factor, and gained 58 kinds of summed as 30445 soil fauna, which are 3 phylum-, 6 class-, 22 order- and 52 family-members. 52 kinds of 1663 big soil animals, 3 dominant groups such as Formicidae, Enchytraeidae and Lumbricidae, 11 common groups for example Lithobiidae were included. 45 kinds of summed as 28782 small and medium soil fauna, and 3 dominant gourps including Oribatida and Isotomidae were achieved. All these groups are the major part of low-mountain soil fauna in Changbai Mountains.The density of soil fauna and group quantity in different habitats differ from each other with seasonal fluctuation. The vertical distribution of soil fauna in different habitants is mainly accumulated in the surface. Through the analysis of diversity of soil fauna in these biotopes, soil animal community in habitant is characteristic of the highest diversity indices and richness index, but the diversity indices and richness index is the lowest in farmland habitant.Through the Pearson correlation analysis between macro- and micro-fauna and 13 kinds of soil environmental factors, we would conclude that the response of the macro-fauna and soil temperature and soil humidity is positive, especially the density of the macro-fauna and soil temperature have obvious positive correlation, and the density and group of micro-fauna and soil temperature have obvious positive correlation. The degree of response of soil fauna to p H is low and the soil fauna and organic matter have obvious positive correlation. The degree of response of soil fauna to TN, TP, TK is high, the one of density of macro-fauna to available nutrient N, P, K is high, the one of group number of micro-fauna to available nutrient N, P, K is high, but low to Ca, Mg, and has a high negative correlation to Mn.Through one dimensional analysis of soil environmental factors in different soil layers of different habitats, we could discover that dominate environmental factor and the degree of response of soil fauna to the same environmental factor in different habitats has significant difference. The degree of response of soil-fauna to TN, organic matter, TK is high.