Diversity And Ecological Distribution Of Soil Fauna In Changbai Mountain Basalt Platform

Conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest in Northeast China is one of temperate vegetation types, and conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests in Changbai Mountains what are mainly distributed in the basalt platform below the altitude of 1100m, is one of the world’s few large areas of native conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest. From the end of 19th century, Changbai Mountain forest region had long been logged, fired, assarted and other forms of disturbance, so that the areas of conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest was drastically reduced, replaced by a large area of secondary forest and farmland, and the composition, structure, function of the community of conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest have undergone varying degrees of change. The community diversity of soil animals that are an important part of forest ecosystems will change with ecological environment change.In order to explore the diversity and ecology distribution of soil animals in Changbai Mountain basalt platform, an investigation was carried out in original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, secondary deciduous broadleaved forest and arable land four habitats during May (spring), July (summer), September (autumn) 2014. Research conclusions can provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of the Changbai Mountain forest ecosystem functioning. In this study, used one-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance to compare differences of densities and numbers of soil fauna among different habitat, season and soil. By calculating the Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef, Pielou and Simpson, to describe the characteristics of soil animal diversity; finally, redundancy analysis method was applied to explore the relationship between the soil physical and chemical properties of different land-use types and composition of soil animals.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)1992 Soil macrofauna were obtained in four habitats, belonging to 3 phyla,6 classes, 15 orders,43 families,46 species, with an average density of 531.47 one square meter. There were 3 dominant species, be enchytraeidae, lithobiidae, formicidae, they were 62.92% percent of total number of individual. There were 13 common species, be geophilidae, juliformia, staphylinidae, diptera larva, agelenidae, lumbricidae etc., they were 32.11% percent of total number of individual. There were 30 rare species, be 4.97% percent of total number of individual.25724 soil meso-microfauna were captured in four habitats, belonging to 3 phyla,6 classes,18 orders,37 families,44 species, with an average density of 42873.33 one square meter. There were 3 dominant species, be isotomidae, oribatida, hypogastruridae, they were 69.56% percent of total number of individual. There were 6 common species, be gamasida, actinedida, pseudachorutidae, diptera larva, sminthuridae, tomoceridae, they were 26.45% percent of total number of individual. There were 35 rare species, be 3.99% percent of total number of individual.(2) From the horizontal distribution, the diversity of soil macrofauna and meso-microfauna were shown that the highest original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the lowest arable land. Among them, the diversity of soil macrofauna in different seasons shown: In spring, the highest secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the lowest arable land; in summer and autumn, the highest original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the lowest arable land. The diversity of soil meso-microfauna in different seasons shown:In spring and autumn, the highest original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the lowest arable land; in summer, the highest secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the lowest arable land. The full year, the diversity characteristic index of soil macrofauna and meso-microfauna were shown:Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef were the highest original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, Pielou was the highest arable land, and Simpson was the highest secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest.(3) Judging from the vertical distribution, the diversity of soil fauna that in original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, and secondary deciduous broadleaved forest was the highest litter layers, the lowest 10-15cm depth soil layer, be 0-5cm depth>5-10cm depth>10-15cm depth; The diversity of soil fauna of arable land was the highest 0-5cm depth, the lowest 10-15cm depth. The diversity of soil fauna of litter layers was the highest original conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the diversity of soil fauna of 0-5cm depth was the highest secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, the diversity of soil fauna both in 5-10cm depth and 10-15cm depth was the highest secondary deciduous broadleaved forest.(4) The results of redundancy analysis of soil fauna and major soil environmental factors showed that:There were some main influence factors causing soil fauna distribution being diversity, be the changes of soil temperature, soil available P, soil PH, soil organic matter, soil moisture, soil available N, and soil available K.