| 【Object】 In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on female spike differentiationcharacteristics and grain yield of high-yield spring maize (≥15000kg/hm2) in Xinjiang province, weanalyzed the response of maize yield and yield components to different light-temperature combinationsconditions, and revealed the growth mechanism of high yield spring maize in this paper. It will be helpfulfor providing the theoretical basis for further improving the maize yield in Xinjiang.【Method】Experiments were conducted from2012to2013at Qitai and Xinyuan in Xinjiang with thehybrid Zhongdan909(ZD909). In2012, there were four sowing dates in Qitai which were April10,April20,April30and May10respectively, and three dates in Xinyuan which were April11, April21and April31respectively. In2003, the sowing date of qitai were April15, April25and May5and the sowing date ofxinyuan were April8, April18, April28and May8. At every experimental site the maize plant density was12×104plants/hm2. To ensure no fertilizer and water stress, ample fertilizer and water were applied.【Conclusion】(1) Sowing dates was significantly effected the female spike differentiation of maize. With the sowingdate delayed, the process of maize female spike differentiation was accelerated, the length and dry weightof female young spike differentiation decreased, and decreasing tendency was found in the total number offloret differentiation, the number of silking florets, fertilization floret number, abortive florets and full grainnumber.(2) Early sowing in optimum period for mid-late maturity varieties with a period of duration similar toZD909was good for high yield in Xinjiang high-yield spring corn zone. The maize yield decreased0.081-0.205×103kg/hm2with the sowing date delayed each day from April8to May5. The grain yieldreached15000kg/hm2when sowing date were before April21(71st Group) and April30(QitaiHeadquarters). With the sowing date delayed, the growth durations of emergence to silking, silking tomaturing and the GDD which was demanded during the whole growth period decreased. The growthperiods of spike differentiation and grain filling were shortened because of the high growth rate. The ears,grain number per ear and1000-kernels weight decreased with the sowing date delayed and the harvestindex, the amount and ratio of dry matter transportation, the contribution of dry matter transport to graindecreased significantly which led to the yield decreased. Consequently, earlier sowing could increase themaize growth duration and make full use of light and temperature resources, resulted in the high dry matteraccumulation and distribution. So early sowing at appropriate time was an important measure for maize togain a high maize yield of15000kg/hm2in Xinjiang spring maize zones.(3) The effective accumulated temperature (EAT) was significantly correlated with the maize yieldand yield components. With100℃increased in the EAT from April10to May10at Qitai, the kernels perspike increased31-32kernels, the1000-kernels weight increased10-11g and the maize yield increased0.8-1.9×103kg/hm2. While the EAT increased by100℃from April8to May8in71st Group, the kernelsper spike increased11-24kernels, the1000-kernel weight increased13.4-20.3g and the maize yield increased1.2-1.7×103kg/hm2.(4) Sunhine hours (SH) has great effectes on the maize yield and yield components. The study showedthe kernels per spike increased41-53kernels, the1000-kernels weight increased15.4-16.8g and the maizeyield increased1.4-2.5×103kg/hm2with the SH increased by100h among sowing dates, from April10toMay10in Qitai. With the SH increased by100h from April8to May8in71st Group, the kernels per spikeincreased24-38kernels, the1000-kernels weight increased18.9-51.6g and the maize yield increased1.8-4.3×103kg/hm2significantly. |
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