Study On Seedlings Grading And Key Cultivation Technologies Of Rhizome Dioscorea

This experiment was performed at Rhizome Dioscorea Planting Base of Huinong Chineseherbal breeding corporation and analytical laboratory medicine of Agricultural University ofHebei during2011to2013.With Rhizome Dioscorea (XiaoBaiZui, RongChengBangYao,AnGuoBangYao, ZiYao) as the study materials, seedlings grading of RhizomeDioscorea, the comparative analysis on yield and quality of different variety and the effectsof fertilizer on yield and quality of XiaoBaiZui were systematically researched. The mainresults were as follows:1. Based on sampling measurement and K-center clustering analysis about germinationrate, the index of grain weight and diameter of the number of30batches, the bulbil seedlingwas divided into three grades. Based on sampling measurement and K-center clusteringanalysis about germination rate, weight and diameter of the number of30batches, the residualpart of stem seedling was divided into two grades. The local standards were established onthis basis in HeBei province.2.It was defined about dry matter accumulation process and dry matter weight per plantof the different varieties of Rhizome Dioscorea. Rongchengbangyao had the fastest dry matteraccumulation, the growth period matter accumulation had linear growth. Anguobangyaoshowed a trend of slow-fast-slow.Xiaobaizui had the faster dry matter accumulation in theearly, lower in the middle and rosfe slightly in the later. Dry matter accumulation rate of Ziyaowas gradually increasing in different periods. Dry matter weight per plant in the order:Rongchengbangyao> Anguobangyao> Ziyao> Xiaobaizui.3. Four varieties Rhizome Dioscorea active ingredient content had such as the significantdifference of mineral elements, yam polysaccharide, diosgenin and allantoin. N and B contentin Xiaobaizui was significantly higher than the other varieties. Fe content inRongchengbangyao was the highest and significantly higher than other varieties. P、Ca、Mg、Na、Mn and Cu content in Anguobangyao were significantly higher than the other varieties, Kcontent was not significantly with Rongchengbangyao, but significantly higher than other twovarieties. Zn content in Ziyao was significantly higher than the other varieties. Yampolysaccharide and diosgenin in Xiaobaiz were significantly higher than the other varieties.Allantoin and water-soluble extractives in Anguobangbangyao were not significantly withXiaobaizui, but both of them were significantly higher than Rongchengbangyao and Ziyao. The alcohol-soluble extractives content in Ziyao was significantly higher than the othervarieties.4. The pre plant weight, yield and active ingredients in Xiaobaizui of different fertilizertypes were significant difference. The weight and yield of both organic fertilizer andchemical fertilizer application were the highest, were significantly higher than only fertilizerapplication and only chemical fertilizer application, no fertilizer treatment was thelowest.Yam polysaccharide and allantoin content of both organic fertilizer and chemicalfertilizer application were the highest, significantly higher than the other treatments.Diosgenin content of no fertilizer treatment was the highest, significantly higher than theother treatments. Yam polysaccharide and allantoin content of both organic fertilizer andchemical fertilizer application significantly rosed the weight, yield, yam polysaccharide andallantoin content.5. The pre plant weight and active ingredient of Xiaobaizui of different P and K fertilizerlevels were significant difference. The The order of fresh and dry weight per plant wasN30P19.5K19.5＞N30P13.5K13.5＞N30P7.5K7.5＞N30P0K0. The order of yam polysaccharidecontent was N30P13.5K13.5＞N30P19.5K19.5＞N30P7.5K7.5＞N30P0K0. The order of allantoincontent was N30P13.5K13.5＞N30P7.5K7.5＞N30P0K0＞N30P19.5K19.5. The order of diosgenincontent was N30P19.5K19.5＞N30P7.5K7.5＞N30P13.5K13.5＞N30P0K0. The weight and activeingredient content could be improved significantly by NPK fertilizer application, and N30P13.5k13.5treatment was the best choice.