Diversity Studies And Charateristic Color Photo Of Natural Enemies Of Rice Planthoppers In Zhejiang And Hunan Provinces

Brown Planthopper [BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (St l)], Small Brown Planthopper [SBPH,Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)] and White-Backed planthopper [WBPH, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)],Delphacidae, Homoptera are major insect pests for rice production. Chemical control has beendominated to be the control measurements. Chemical inputs caused not only environmental pollution,but also resulted the rapid development of insecticide resistance. Currently, the employment of naturalenemies to control the damaging of rice planthoppers is considered as an effective and sustainable pestmanagement strategy. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate the diversity and dynamics of naturalenemies in rice fields.1、We compared the rice planthopper related natural enemies in Zhejiang and Hunan provincesduring the years of2012-2013. In overall, the situations of natural enemies in these two provinces weresimilar. There were more than60species of natural enemies collected in both. Among these naturalenemies, six species were classified as the dominant species (Dominance index，Dn≥0.1), two abundantspecies (0.05≤Dn＜0.1), five normal species (0.01≤Dn＜0.05),25occasional species (0.001≤Dn＜0.01),and others were rare species (Dn＜0.001). The dominant species included Cyrtorrhinus lividipennis,Microvelia horvathi, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Pirata subpiraticus, Oedothorax insecticeps,Coleosomaocto maculatum. The abundant species included Anagrus nilaparvatae and Tetragnathamaxillosa. The parasitoid guild was dominant group at the early stage, while the predator guild wasdominant group from the middle to the late stage. For example, the dominant indexes of Anagrusnilaparvatae were0.157and0.203in Fuyang, Zhejiang province and Wangcheng, Hunan province atthe early stage, respectively. However, the dominant indexes of Anagrus nilaparvatae were all less than0.01at the late stage in both locations. The dominances of Cyrtorrhinus lividipennis were relativelylower at the tillering stage, but were as high as0.336in Fuyang and0.795in Wangcheng at the latestage. The abundance of spiders was relatively stable across the rice stages. The dominant indexes ofLycosa pseudoannulata were relatively high in both provinces. Its dominant index was as high as0.360in Fuyang during the late stage, while0.147in Wangcheng. But the dominant indexes of Piratasubpiraticus, Oedothorax insecticeps, and Tetragnatha maxillosa in Wangcheng were0.203,0.160, and0.145, respectively.2、During the years of2012-2013, we also took colored ecological images for the planthopperrelevant natural enemies in field and characteristic images in laboratory. There were63speciesarthropod specimen collected from Zhejiang, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces. Among these specices,6were parasitoids,52were predators and5were parasitoid/predator. These species belong to the Ordersof Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Strepsiptera and Arachnids. In total, about240colored ecological and characteristic images were selected and presented in this manuscript. Theseimages would be a very facilitated tool for the identification of natural enemies of rice planthopperrelated.