| To transform the low yield and low efficiency walnut garden that walnut trees didnot bear fruit at bearing age and the nuts were in poor quality, to improve the yield andquality of walnut, the walnut trees with low yield in Sha Wo Xiang Da Liu Shu Cun,Fuping County of Hebei Province were used as the trial materials to study the effects ofrootstock ages, grafting time and scion quality on the grafting survival situation, thescions were ’ Lvling ’ annual branches, collected from the cutting orchard of HebeiLvling fruit Limited company in Lincheng County of Hebei province. The resultsshowed that:1. The graft survival rates of walnut rootstocks of4~5,6~10and11~20yearsold, overgrown trees more than20years old and small old trees more than20years oldwere90%,86.42%,79.62%,70.17%and38.60%respectively, the graft survival rate of4~5a rootstock was the highest, next was6~10a, and they were very significantlyhigher than those of overgrown trees more than20years old and small old trees morethan20years old, there had no significantly difference between them and11~20yearsold rootstocks; there had no significantly difference between the graft survival rates of11~20years old rootstocks and overgrown trees more than20years old, but the graftsurvival rate of11~20years old rootstocks was very significantly higher than that ofsmall old trees more than20years old; the graft survival rates of walnut rootstocks ofsmall old trees more than20years old was the lowest. The shoot lengths of differentrootstocks were131.11cm,141.03cm,132.73cm,131.90cm,87.5cm respectively,the shoot length of small old trees more than20years old was the smallest, which wasvery significantly lower than those of the other rootstocks.The number of shootssprouted from one scion of different tree rootstocks were1.67,2.44,2.39,1.97,1.60respectively.2. The graft survival rates were respectively47.21%,65.43%,80.62%,85.69%,78.89%,48.01%in six different grafting times, which were April18th, April20th,April26th, April30th, May6th and May10th, the graft survival rate in April30th wasthe highest, which was significantly higher than those of in April26th and May6th, the graft survival rates of the three periods were very significantly higher than those ofApril20th, April18th and May10th, the graft survival rate of April20th was verysignificantly higher than those of April18th and May10th; The shoot length of the6grafting periods were131.11cm,141.03cm,132.73cm,131.90cm,87.5cmrespectively, and no significantly differences were observed.3. The graft survival rates using the upper part, the middle part and the base of theannual branch as scion were13.18%,85.19%and74.80%, the graft survival rate usingthe middle part of the annual branches as scion was the highest, which was verysignificantly higher than those of the upper part and base; next was using the base partof the annual branches as scion, which was very significantly higher than that of theupper part; that the lowest was using the upper part of the annual branches as scion.4. The graft survival rates of scions that diameter in0.7~0.99cm,1.0~1.49cmand1.5~2.0cm (scion maximum diameter was1.8cm) were19.93%,78.55%and84.35%respectively. The survival rate of scions diameter more than1.5cm was thehighest, the survival rate of scions diameter less than1.0cm was the lowest, and therewere very significantly differences among the treatments. Walnut graft survival ratesincreased with the increasing of the scion diameter.5. The water content of the scion collected in defoliation period was43%~48%while what collected in dormant period was51%~53%, those the upper part andmiddle part were very significantly higher than that of the base part. The highest watercontents in the different part of the annual branch collected in the two periods were theupper part, next were the middle part and the lowest were the base. The density of thescions collected in defoliation period range from0.31to0.36and those collected indormant period range from0.33to0.38.For both of them, the base part was the highest,the upper one was the lowest and the middle one was between the two parts.6. The highest soluble sugar content in phloem of the scion collected in defoliationperiod was the base part, next was the middle one and the upper was the lowest.Whenthe scion collected in dormant period, the result showed that the middle part was thehighest and the base one was the lowest while the upper part was between them.Thesoluble sugar contents in all the three parts of the scion collected in defoliation periodwere very significantly higher than those of collected in dormant period. The solublesugar contents in xylem of the scion in all the three parts collected in defoliation periodwere higher than those of collected in dormant period, the soluble sugar contents inxylem of the scion in all the three parts decreased from the upper part to the base. The soluble sugar contents in phloem were higher than those in xylem of all the branchescollected in the two periods.The starch content in phloem of the scion collected in dormant period was verysignificantly higher than that of collected in defoliation period. The starch content in themiddle part of the scion collected in defoliation period was higher than that of the basepart and the upper part and the upper part was the lowest. While the starch contents inphloem of the scion in all the three parts collected in dormant period decreased from theupper part to the base. The starch content in xylem of the upper part of the scioncollected in dormant period was the highest, next was the lower part, and both of themwere very significantly higher than those of the scion in all the three parts collected indefoliation period. The lowest was the base part of the scion collected in dormant periodwhich was significantly lower than those of the upper and base part of the scioncollected in defoliation period, there was no significant differences among the starchcontents in xylem in all the three parts collected in defoliation period. The starchcontents in phloem were higher than those of in xylem of all the branches collected inthe two periods.The soluble protein content in phloem of the middle part of the scion collected indefoliation period was higher than that of the base part, and the upper one was lowest,the soluble protein contents of the scion in all the three parts collected in dormant periodincreased from the upper part to the base, the soluble protein contents of all the threeparts of the scion collected in defoliation period were obviously higher than those ofcollected in dormant period, but there had no significantly differences of the solubleprotein contents in the base part of the scion collected in the two periods. The solubleprotein content in xylem of the upper part of the scion collected in dormant period wasthe highest which was very significantly higher than those of the others, next was themiddle part of the scion collected in defoliation period, which was very significantlyhigher than those of the others, and there had no significantly differences among theother four treatments, those of the upper and base parts of the scion collected in dormantperiod were higher than those of collected in defoliation period. |
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