Studies On Temporal And Spatial Variability Of The Major Soil Fertility In Hebei Province

Hebei province, located in capital area, around Beijing and Tianjin, has locationadvantage. It’s a large agriculture province with High yield of cotton and grain in the northof our country. Agriculture plays a decisive role in the economy of the province. With thedevelopment of agriculture, the problems of how to rule the level of soil fertility qualityand realize sustainable utilization of soil resources have become the key of thedevelopment of agriculture. China had carried out the second national soil survey in1979-1985, but no similar work later.30years have past, the second soil survey data is nolonger applicable to the current Hebei soil fertility quality work.This paper take main soils in Hebei Province as the research object, through samplinginvestigation and Analysis on soil samples in Hebei cotton and grain producing areas,using mathematical statistics method to study the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen,total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, hydrolyzablenitrogen, finding the temporal and spatial variation of soil fertility quality in Hebei; at thesame time, using the method of principal components analysis, cluster analysis and fuzzycomprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the comprehensive system on soil fertilityquality of the administrative district in Hebei province, through the advantages anddisadvantages of the evaluations, we can compare different approaches, select the suitablemethod for soil fertility quality evaluation in Hebei, and using the filtered out method toevaluate main soils in Hebei. The main results are as follows:(1) In Hebei Province, soil organic matter and nitrogen content are only V level, asthe main limiting factor of agricultural development in Hebei, the Bashang Plateau (themain distribution area of chestnut soil) is a bit better, the second is the Hebei plain area(the main distribution area of alluvial soil), the mountain area of northern Hebei (the maindistribution area of Cinnamon soil)is the worst;Phosphorus reaches IV level, the Bashang Plateau (the main distribution area ofchestnut soil) is the lowest, the second is the mountain area of northern Hebei (the maindistribution area of Cinnamon soil), Hebei plain area(the main distribution area of alluvialsoil) is the highest; in addition to Tangshan City, total phosphorus in Hebei soil has not yetbeen fully activated;The content of total potassium is rich and balanced distribution, close to II, Hebeiplain area(the main distribution area of alluvial soil) is a bit lower; The content of availablepotassium is low, the Bashang Plateau (the main distribution area of chestnut soil)even reduces to V level; total potassium in Zhangjiakou and Chengde soil is high, but theavailable K content is very low, potassium form is in urgent need of benigntransformation.pH shows a strong alkaline, the influence on the main food crops as wheat and maizeis very big. the Bashang Plateau (the main distribution area of chestnut soil)is the highest,the mountain area of northern Hebei (the main distribution area of Cinnamon soil)is thelowest, only Tangshan soil pH is suitable for the growth of crops, high pH has become anobstacle to the agriculture of Hebei province.(2) Compared with the second soil survey, Hebei farming soil organic matter, totalnitrogen, available phosphorus, hydrolyze nitrogen content shows an upward trend,especially available phosphorus, Tangshan、Hengshui even increase by4times; organicmatter and nitrogen content in the mountain area of northern Hebei (the main distributionarea of Cinnamon soil)and Hebei plain area(the main distribution area of alluvial soil) areincreasing, The latter is greater increasing than the former, but Bashang Plateau (the maindistribution area of chestnut soil) shows a downward trend. In addition to Tangshan andBaoding, available K content in Hebei farming soil decreases obviously, Chengde hasfallen nearly50%. In conclusion, the soil fertility status of Tangshan、Shijiazhuang andBaoding is relatively good, but Handan、Xingtai City and Langfang needs to be improved.(3) In the three kinds of evaluation methods, clustering analysis method can notachieve the purpose of classification and grading soil through specific assignment; fuzzycomprehensive evaluation method keeps Shijiazhuang city and Handan city together asclass third, it’s in disagreement with the facts. Compared to other two methods, theprincipal components analysis method is more suitable for the evaluation of soil fertilityquality in Hebei.(4) The result of principal component analysis on soil fertility quality in Hebei is:In the different landforms, soil fertility quality comprehensive score of BashangPlateau area is the highest, second is the plain area of Hebei, the lowest is the mountainarea of northern Hebei.In the different soil types, soil fertility quality comprehensive score of Chestnut soilregion is the highest, second is the Alluvial soil region, the lowest is Cinnamon soil region.Each district soil fertility grading:First: Tangshan City, Hengshui city; comprehensive score>1;Second: Baoding City, Cangzhou City, Shijiazhuang City,1> comprehensive score>0;Third: Zhangjiakou City, Handan City, Xingtai City,0> comprehensive score>-1;Fourth: Chengde City, Langfang city;-1> comprehensive score;Late developed Bashang plateau region (Chestnut Soil Zone) soil fertility status isgood, because of the development of the local vegetable planting and scientific and reasonable fertilization; as the traditional farming area, Hebei plain and alluvial soil,cinnamon soil nutrient status should be further improved. In the administrative region, soilfertility in Tangshan City the best, Chengde City, Langfang city need to be improved.