Investigation Of Chinese Jujube Disease In Xinjiang And Research On The Pathogen Of Jujube Fruit Shrink Disease

As the plant area of jujube increased，the damage caused by kinds of jujube diseases is more and moreserious. Thus，these diseases influenced the yield and quality of jujube badly. Among these jujube diseases，fruit shrink disease is relatively more common than others.In order to know the main diseases and develop the effect method against jujube shrink disease，wehave carried out the following exploration in2012and2013. Firstly，the typical samples of fruit shrinkdisease were collected from different jujube areas of the southern Xinjiang，such as Aksu，Hotan and so on.Secondly，the characteristics of pathogens of jujube fruit shrink disease were checked and analyzed.Thirdly，several kinds of fungicides were screened to find the effect ones.The investigation results show that:at present，there are10kinds of diseases in the jujube growingperiod in southern Xinjiang. Among them，there are4kinds of fruit disease (fruit shrink，soft rot，fruit blackspot and cracked fruit)，4kinds of leaf diseases (anthracnose，leaf black spot，nutrient deficiency symptomand herbicides injury)，and2kinds of branch diseases (canker and bleeding disease).Jujube fruit shrink disease can occur from the young fruit period to the fruit maturation period. Rate ofjujube fruit disease is low in July. To be specific，the rate of the disease reached a peak point in late Julyand August to about10%and30%. Rate of jujube fruit disease began to decline in September.The result of pathogens biology showed that the main pathogen of jujube fruit shrink disease isBacillus pumilus.The results of biological characteristics show that the kinds of pathogens have high pathogenicity tojujube.The pathogen can grow from10℃to40℃. The optimal growth temperature is at30℃，the deadlytemperature is higher than100℃；Bacillus pumilus can grow in pH3.15~9.85，and the optimal growth pHis7.Bacillus pumilus is a facultative anaerobic type bacteria.15kinds of fungicides against the fruit shrink disease were tested and the result showed that the best isstreptomycin sulfate for injection. The other fungicides also have some effect. By the efficiency high tolow，there are77%copper hydroxide，75%chlorothalonil，400g/mL flusilazole，300g/mL Benzoylpropiconazole，polyoxins and so on.Five kinds of fungicides for jujube fruit shrink disease pathogen indoor virulence test results show thatthe streptomycin sulfate for injection has the strongest virulence. By the efficiency high to low，there are400g/mL flusilazole，77%copper hydroxide，75%chlorothalonil，300g/mL benzoyl propiconazole.Spraying3000times streptomycin sulfate for injection has the best effect against jujube fruit shrinkdisease in the young fruit period.And benzoyl propiconazole is inferior to streptomycin sulfate for injection.But the alternate using of the two fungicides still can prevent and treat effectively the jujube fruit shrinkdisease.