The Eco-Economic Losses Evaluation Research Of The Hazard Of The Pine Caterpillar In Fujian Province

The pine caterpillars is an important pine pest, mainly feeding on pine needles, and often eat up all pine needles, which easily cause the death of large scale pine. Fujian Province is the more serious province damaged by the pine caterpillars. Every year tens of thousands of hectares of pine trees were damaged by the pine caterpillars, which caused great ecological and economic losses. The related information showed that there were about6700hectares pine died of the damages by the pine caterpillars in Fujian Province every year, which resulted in economic losses of above20million yuan. It can be seen that the pine caterpillars has become a serious threat to the development of forestry economic and the security of ecological environment in Fujian Province.This paper uses theories and knowledge about biology, ecology and economics, and adopts a combination method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and a combination method of normative research and empirical research. On base of the related research and the actual situation of Fujian Province, the paper evaluates the ecological and economic losses caused by the pine caterpillars systematically. The main contents included as follow:Firstly, analyzed the biological characteristics, harmfulness, occurrence status and cause of the pine caterpillars in Fujian Province, and researched on the ecological and economic losses caused by the pine caterpillars systematically, then designed the indicator system of ecological and economic losses evaluation caused by the pine caterpillars, which based on the actual situation in Fujian province, and established the losses evaluation model. The economic losses included3indicators:the loss of pine timber volume, the loss of resin yield and the loss of the prevention costs. The ecological losses mainly included8indicators:the loss of water storage benefit, the loss of soil fixed benefit, the loss of fertilizer benefit, the loss of toxic gases absorption benefit, the loss of dust sluggish benefit, the loss of bactericidal benefit, the loss of carbon sequestration benefit and loss of oxygen production benefit.Secondly, collected the data about losses evaluation indicator, based on the established of the losses evaluation model, adopted the methods to measure various partial losses caused by the pine caterpillars, such as productivity variation method, shadow project method, replaced cost method, the opportunity cost method, contingent valuation method, then summarized various partial losses, calculated the total losses. The results showed that, from2001to2009, the annual economic losses caused by the pine caterpillars were295million yuan in Fujian Province, the ecological losses were204million yuan, and the totally ecological and economic losses were about499million yuan every year. Among them, the occurring area was the largest in2004, and the ecological and economic losses were the largest.The economic losses reached1169million yuan and the ecological losses was827million yuan, and the total losses were up to1996million yuan.In addition, the total losses were also large in other years, which were above100million yuan, except for91million yuan in2009.Thirdly, from the aspects of control mechanisms, laws and regulations, inputs and technology, put forward some countermeasures to prevent the damage of the pine caterpillars in Fujian province. For the control mechanism, it is needed to establish and perfect the monitoring and forecasting mechanisms, emergency response mechanisms, coordination mechanism and incentive mechanism as soon as possible. For laws and regulations mechanism, it is needed to further improve the existing relevant laws, to adjust the prevention guidelines of the damage of the pine caterpillars, to explicit responsibility for the prevention parties of the damage of the pine caterpillars, to improve the legal status of the prevention of the damage of the pine caterpillars and to accelerate the formulation speed of the specific laws and regulations of the prevention of the damage of the pine caterpillars. For the inputs mechanism, it is necessary to establish multi-channel input system of the prevention of the damage of the pine caterpillars, to set up contingency reserve fund of the prevention of the damage of the pine caterpillars, and to strengthen the management of preventive fund of the damage of the pine caterpillars. For the technology mechanism, we should strengthen breeding technology for high resistance tree species, and creat mixed forest technology, close hillside to facilitate afforestation technology and comprehensive silvicultural technology, and strengthen monitoring and prediction, and pertinently take preventive measures, such as man-made prevention, physical prevention, chemical prevention, biological prevention and integrated management.