The Research About The Response Of Farmland Animal Community To Pesticide And EM Compost Treatment

The study area is located in black soil region, which belonging to Songnen Plain o f Heilongjiang Province. The experiments were performed in the environment of planti ng soybeans for perennial cultivation, researched differences between insecticide, herbi cide, EM compost and control plots. Composition and density of soil fauna, spatial stru cture and temporal variation of soil fauna community structure indexes, and the relatio nships among soil faunas and soil environmental factors were analyzed under different processing conditions. The research aims to reveal the effects of the use of pesticides, h erbicides and EM compost on soil animal in soybean field of black soil environment, a nalyze the influence of various agricultural chemicals on soil animal. Gradient sprayin g experiments were set for providing a theoretical basis for the rational use of agricultu ral chemicals. It provides a theoretical basis for the investigation of the species of soil a nimal in black soil region of northeast of China.A total of 4083 individuals, belonging to 3 Classes, 9 Orders and 24 families were extracted and identified in the insecticide treated plots. Among them, Oribatida and Mesostigmta were the dominant communities, and their individual number took up81.65%. Prostigmata, Onyhiuridae and Isotomidae were common communities, which took up 15.68%.A total of 5543 individuals, belonging to 3 Classes, 10 Orders and 25 families were extracted and identified under Herbicide treatment conditions. Among them, Oribatida and Mesostigmta were the dominant communities, Prostigmata and Onyhiuridae were common communities.A total of 5963 individuals, belonging to 3Classes, 10 Orders and 29 families were extracted and identified in the EM compost treatment plot. Among them, Oribatida and Mesostigmta were the dominant communities. Prostigmata, Onyhiuridae Isotomidae 、 Poduridae 、 Paronellidae 、Sminthuridae、Carabidae、Staphylinidae and Scarabaeidae were common communities.Statistical results showed that:(1) for spatial distribution: the number of individuals and communities gradually decreased with pesticide increased, while significantly improved with EM agent dosage increased in horizontal direction. For vertical distribution: the number of individuals were the most in 0~5cm soil layerunder EM condition, soil animal mainly concentrated in the 5~10cm soil layer under insecticide and herbicide condition, the higher the concentration of the pesticide, and the more obvious the layer aggregation trend. Although the soil animal declined with spraying concentration increased for horizontal distribution, not with this grading rules below the surface soil layer.(2) For temporal variation: individual density and group number were higher than other months in May, and which all gradually reduced under different concentration of insecticide. Individual density and group number were significantly affected by different concentrations of herbicide between May and July,which showed that low concentration > middle concentration > high concentration.But there was no obvious correlation between individual density and group number and concentration of insecticide. Group number were the most in September under low concentration and middle concentration, which were the most in May under high concentration. Individual density were significantly affected by low concentration and middle concentration of EM among different months. Group number were higher than other months in July with low concentration and middle concentration of EM, group number increased significantly compared with pesticide and herbicide condition.(3)Correlation analysis between soil animal and environmental factors showed that:Acarina and Collembola could better adapt their environment. Part of rare communities were positively correlated with pH, available phosphorus and total phosphorus(P< 0.05). It can be concluded that available K and organic matter are important factors in soil environment, which influenced diversity difference under pesticide and EM composting conditions.The concentration of pesticides and herbicides in agricultural production should be moderate. The dosage of medicament should reach the target of killing the pests and weeds except the target, and the damage degree of the soil environment is the lowest.The application of EM compost in a certain degree maintained the diversity and stability of the farmland ecosystem, and should be promoted to application of organic fertilizer in agricultural production. Reagent concentration gradient less the setting of this study and did not determine both pesticides and not on the soil animal community caused by too serious disturbance of the pesticide dose.