Studies On Biological Characteristics Of Tulipa Iliensis And Introduction Experiment Of Tulipa Gesneriana

Tulip,one of the most popular bulbs,who was known as "the Queen of Flowers", has been widely cultivated throughout the world. But it performed not well in China,and its bulbs were seriously degenerated. China is one of the origins of Tulip. The northern area of Xinjiang,as one of the two major tulip natural distribution areas in China,has particularly favourable geographical advantages and natural conditions for introduction and cultivation of tulip here.In order to service for the classification of Tulipa in China,enrich the kind of the early spring flowers in Xinjiang area,unerth the local resources,create the characteristic landscape,provide a reference for the cultivation and bulb production of tulip in Turks area,this article studied on the biological characteristics for wild species and horticultural traits for cultivated species by the flower bud differentiation,introduction and domestication, seed germination,chromosome karyotype analysis for Tulipa iliensis,introduction and cultivation for Tulipa gesneriana. The main results were as follows:1.Tulipa iliensis went into summer dormancy period after their leaves which were on the ground became yellow. Using paraffin section method to study and observe flower bud differentiation process and cytological features in bulbs. The result showed that bulds began to differentiate from late June to mid-August which lasted about 6 weeks.2.Using Tulipa iliensis to do the introduction experiment in Xinjiang Yili Tekesi county,whose phenological characteristics,morphological characteristics and bulb performance were been observed. The results showed that Tulipa iliensis could grow and bloom normally at cultivated conditions. Their growth cycle has been prolong. Their bulbs was increased in diameter,circumference and weight. They has given birth to some daughter bulbs,showing a strong adaptability.3.Using Tulipa iliensis seeds to do germination experiment,through the different storage conditions and time,treat with different concentration of GA3,we founded that:low temperature could help to break the seed doemancy. Storage at room temperature and low temperature of 5℃had a very significant impaction on seed germination,as well as the interaction of them.Storage at the room temperature for 30 days and at the low temperature for 0d was the best group. GA3 has big effects on fresh seeds,but not to the seeds which has stored for 3months at room temperature.4.Tulipa iliensis was 2 ploidy and its karyotype formula was 2n=2x=24=2m+14sm+8st,chromosome number x=12,karyotype was type 2A.5.By observing the phenological and horticultural traits,bulb developments on different varieties of Tulipa gesneriana to lunched the introduction and cultivation of 9 cultivars species. The results showed that all varieties could grow and bloom normally,and their flower period was from early May to mid-May.Apeldoorn was the earliest one in flowering and Red Power was the longest one in growth cycle and vegetative period.Red Power and Dynasty were the most obviously two in bulb degradation.White Dream had the best comprehensive performance in length of flowering,plant growth and bulb development. Bulbs of Apeldoorn and Negrita essentially maintain its original state after a year of introduction.World’s Favourite,Golden Oxford,White Dream andYokohama performed well in diamet,circumference,weight and number of daughter bulbs,and all of them could be used to carry out bulb production. In Yili area,there were some other areas which had the similar climates with that in Tekesi had a large potential in tulip introduction.