Primary Research On Generative Biological Characteristics Of Wild Apricot (Armeniaca Vulgaris Lam.) In Xinjiang

The wild apricot's generative biological characteristics were studied in this paper. Through the research on several key problems, such as flower bud differentiation, flowering, pollination, fertilization and seed germination of wild apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.), the reproduction characteristics were revealed. The main results were as follows:Wild apricot's flower bud differentiation started in late June. The whole process may divided into pre-differentiation stage, the floral primordial differentiation stage, sepal primordial differentiation stage, petal primordial differentiation stage, stamen and pistil primordial differentiation stage. The stamen and pistil have formed on the foundation of stamen and pistil primordial next spring. This process continued from the middle decade of March to the middle and last ten days of April, and then the wild apricot enter the blooming period.The phenophase of blossom almost appeared at the end of March and ended at the beginning of April, lasting 8 to 9 days. There was great difference between the percentage of perfect flower and imperfect flower.The average of the pollen number was 1516 per anther and there were extremely significant differences between individual plants. The shape of pollen morphology was spheroid or prolate sphere, medium size. View of pollen grain from equatorial was long oval, trilobation round from polar. Wild apricot's pollen had 3 germination apertures. The pollen exine sculpture was fringe with perforation. The type of pollen morphology of wild apricot was ascribed to N3P4C5.The pollen of wild apricot had higher activity, with the germination rate of 90.0% under normal temperature preservation of 3 days, and the pollen could hardly germinate after 30 days'preservation. The suitable culture medium for pollen germination in vitro of wild apricot was NO.D, which contained 1%agar, 10%sucrose, and 0.01%boric acid, where pollen's germination rate was 75.4%. The suitable concentration of sucrose and boric acid had certain promotion function for its germination.The experiment of self-pollination showed that each tree all setting fruit and the fruit set percentage was greater than or equal to 6%,shown as self-compatibility; The average percentage of fruit set was 60.9% on the artificial cross pollination among 5 strains wild apricot,exhibits a better compatibility; Experiment on pollination methods demonstrated that the effect of cross pollination was the better one among the others, which could obtained higher fruit set percentage.The rate of germination increased gradually as the stratification time extends; the seeds began germination after stratification 40 days and the rate of germination reached at 90% after100 days. The endocarp and seed coat inhibit the germination to some extent,both removed could break the dormancy and increase the rate of germination. The fitting concentration of GA3 for number 6 with endocarp and without endocarp was 100mg/L,compared with number 7 (300mg/L) and the percentage of germination was 86.7%, 100% and 70% respectively. GA3 with different concentration could promote seed germination.