| Tobacco Quality is affected by ecological conditions, genetic factors and cultivation measures.At present, the number of the studies about the influence of ecological, genetic and cultivation measures on tobacco quality, physiological metabolism is large, but the studies focused on the influence of a simple or multiple factor on tobacco quality. In order to indicate the effects of ecology, varieties, cultivation measures and their interactions on tobacco quality, physiological metabolism, pot experiments were carried in Henan, Shandong, Shanxi. Yuyan 10, Yueyan 98, K326 and Xiangyan 3 were planted on each location with different cultivation measures. The experiments disclose the following results:1. Effect of ecological, varieties and cultivation measures on quality of flue-cured tobaccoThe effects of ecological conditions, varieties, cultivation measures and their interactions on reducing-sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen were significantly.But their contribution rates were different. Ecological contribution rate was 53.92%, 24.33% and 77.41% respectively, while varieties, cultivation measures and their interactions for their contribution rate were small. Above all, effects of ecological conditions on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves were greater than the varieties and cultivation measures.Tobacco neophytadiene, phenylalanine degradation products, the content of solanone and aroma is large different in ecological range, and relatively stable between the flue-cured tobacco varieties, cultivation measures. Effects of ecological conditions on them were greater than the varieties and cultivation measures.Carotenoid, browning reaction contents varied among cultivation practices, the impact of cultivation measures were greater than ecological and varieties.Ecological conditions have a significantly influence on sensory evaluation. The contributing ratios of ecology to gray, flammability were 61.52%, 28.45%, the range of variation of the contribution rate is8.43%~61.52%. Tobacco varieties have a significantly influence on sensory evaluation, but the contributing ratios is small, the variation rage is 0.77%~11.75%. Cultivation measures have a significantly influence on sensory evaluation, the range of variation of the contribution rate is 0.88%~20.4%. Interaction effects have the greatest impact on the concentration, the contributing ratios is 82.99% and the variation rage is 30.95%~82.99%.Overall, the contributing ratios of interaction effects to sensory evaluation is largest, followed by ecological factors, cultivation measures, the contributing ratios of varieties is smallest. Sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco is affected by ecological conditions, genetic factors and cultivation measures.2 Effect of ecological, varieties and cultivation measures on pigment content of flue-cured tobaccoUsing the middle leaves for the studying, in the leaf 60 d and 70 d, ecological conditions,varieties and interaction effects have a significantly influence on the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The contributing ratios of ecology are larger than interaction effects, varieties and cultivation measures. In the leaf 80 d, various factors have a significantly influence on chlorophyll and carotenoids, the contributing ratios of interaction effects is larger than ecological, varieties and cultivation measures. It states that, in the early, ecological factors are the main factors affecting the pigment content of tobacco. Late interaction effect is greater than the role of other factor, cultivation practices almost no pigment content.3 Effect of ecology, varieties and cultivation measures on carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity of flue-cured tobaccoEcology, varieties and cultivation measures have different effects on enzyme activity. The activity of glutamine synthetase in Shanxi is higher than Henan and Shandong region, the total variation is 37.7%.the total variation is 12.19% between varieties and 8.36% between cultivation measures. The total variation of glutamine dehydrogenase activity between regions was 37.03%, 9.51% among varieties, 3.62% between cultivation measures. In mature late, tobacco invertase activity has stabilized, it does not change with the leaf. The total variation of invertase activity between regions was 9.00%, 4.88% among varieties, 0.70% between cultivation measures. The three kinds of enzyme activity are large different in ecological range, and is stabilized among varieties, cultivation measures. The influence of ecology on enzyme activity is larger than varieties and cultivation measures.4 Effect of ecology, varieties and cultivation measures on secondary metabolism enzyme activity of flue-cured tobaccoIn leaf 60 days, PAL activity is large different in ecology range and cultivation measures, the mutation rate is12.41%, 11.28%, little difference among varieties. In leaf 70, 80 days, PAL activity has a little difference in ecology range, the mutation rate is 1.48% and 5.80%.Enzyme activity was not significantly different among the three treatments and mutation rate is smaller. It states that, in the early, the influence of ecology on PAL was larger than varieties and cultivation measures. Late enzyme activity is stabilized, the effect of ecology, varieties and cultivation measures on enzyme is small.Tobacco polyphenol oxidase activity was decreased with increasing leaf age. However, different treatment of tobacco activity decreased amplitude differences. Polyphenol oxidase activity of Henan tobacco decreased fastest, down 58.22%, down 35.38% in Shanxi, and 16.13% in Shandong. PPO activity has a little difference among varieties. In the three-leaf stage, enzyme activity presented T2>T3>T1 law, and PPO activity of T1 treatment decreased fastest, down 39.88%,T2 down 32.26%.It state that, polyphenol oxidase activity have a difference among different regions and treatments. Ecology factor have a large influence on the activity of polyphenol oxidase, followed by cultivation measures, the effect of varieties is small. |
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