Study On Germplasm Characteristics Of Chishui Black-bone Chickens And The Value Of Health Care Of Its Melanin

Choosing Chishui black-bone chicken as the research object, We researche the germplasm characteristics of Chishui black-bone chickens with its growth performance, reproduce performance, egg quality, slaughter performance, meat quality, et al. And we research the Value of Health Care of its Melanin by detecting many indexes of mice feeded melanin and some experiments in vitro. Details as follows:(1)Early growth performance of Chishui black-bone chickensWe use Three kinds of nonlinear growth model—Logistic、Von bertalanffy、Gompertz to imitate the charactes of growth performace of Chishui black-bone chickens during 0-16 weeks of age. Comparing the relevant index with the actual weight, the Gompertz Model is more suitable to imitate the changes of weight during the growth process of Chishui black-bone chickens. The ultimate weight of Chishui black-bone cock and hen is 2869.07 g and 1958.50g; the age of the cock at the inflection point is 9.55 week-age, that of the hen is 8.28 week-age; and the weight at the inflection point is 1055.47 g and 720.49 g.Research on the law of the deposition of melanin during early growth performance of the Chishui black-bone chicken, we discover that the maximum melanin deposit in claws, beaks and periosteum. The second is in leg muscles and skin, and the content of the melanin reduce gradually with the growth of age. Less of melanin is found in trachea, lung, craw, glandular stomach, gizzard, testes, but it is increased with the growth of age gradually. The content of melanin in the skin is significantly higher than that of chest or leg muscle.The deposition rate of melanin inskin, chest and leg muscles decreases along with the age, and the amplitude slow down gradually. 12 week-age ago, the content of melanin in skin Changes significantly, but it changes slowly in chest or legs muscle.(2)Meat performance of Chishui black-bone chickenIn the aspect of slaughter performance, at the age of 150 days, the live weitht of Chishui black-bone cocks and hens is 1768.8±179.0g and 1220.6±159.1g, slaughter rate is 87.50%±3.66% and 87.91%±4.31%; half-eviscerated weight rate is 77.89%±3.12% and 77.86%±5.01%; eviscerated weight rate is 57.71%±3.03% and56.77%±4.99%; the rate of chest muscle is 20.76%±5.57% and 19.67%±3.29%; the rate of leg muscle is 30.37%±2.45% and 19.67%±2.01%; the rate of lean meat is51.13%±5.83% and 46.04%±4.78%。The liveweight and the rate of leg muscle between cocks and hens has extremely significant difference(P<0.01), the rate of lean meat has significant difference(P<0.05). Considering the slaughter rate and the lean meat rate, the quality of Chishui black-bone chicken is good.In the aspect of body measurements, at the age of 150 days, the body length of Chishui black-bone cocks and hens is 22.55±1.05 cm and 20.25±0.82cm; the chest width is 10.16±1.06 cm and 8.50±0.98cm; the chest deepth is 10.16±1.06 cm and8.50±0.98 cm. The Carlna length is 10.96±1.15 cm and 9.24±0.89cm; the shank length is 9.69±0.56 cm and 7.68±1.06cm; the shank circumference is 4.99±0.56 cm and 4.50 ± 0.54 cm. Live weight is related to each body measurements index significantly, also there is correlated among body measurements index in a way.In the aspect of meat quality, at the age of 150 days, the shear force of chest muscle of Chishui black-bone cocks and hens is 2.17±1.22 kg and 2.27±0.83kg; p H is 6.01 ± 0.07 and 5.93 ± 0.14; WHC is 21.15% ± 2.9% and 18.72 ± 3.54%. The gender impact on meat quality of Chishui black-bone chicken is not significant.In the aspect of nutrition of the meat, the content of moisture in chest muscle of Chishui black-bone cocks and hens is 73.43% ± 2.62% and 73.02% ± 3.54%; the crude ash content is 1.21%±0.09% and 0.96%±0.07%; the crude protein content is24.82% ±1.22% and 23.07% ± 1.97%; the crude fat content is 1.54%± 0.05% �'�1.66% ± 0.07%; the content of Vitamin A is 0.016 ± 0.003mg/kg and 0.012 ±0.002mg/kg; the content of Vitamin E is 0.64±0.16mg/kg �'� 0.88±0.32mg/kg. The result of nutrition of meat shows that the crude ash content in the chest muscle of cocks is significantly higher than that of hens. The EAA content in the chest muscle of Chishui black-bone cocks and hens is 33.34% and 33.13%, and Umami amino acid content is very high; the unsaturated fatty acids is 64.929% and 64.218%, and the EFA content is very high, is 23.885% and 17.838% respectively.( 3) The reproductive performance and egg quality of Chishui black-bone chicken.The average age of first egg is 162±6.1 days and the average body weight of first egg 1372.24±205.81g; the hens-housed egg production is 78 at the age of 300days; the average weight of the first egg is 36.46±2.84g; the average egg weight is52.26±2.38; the egg shape index is 1.35±0.04; the eggshell thickness is 0.36±0.02㎜; the egg shell strength is 4.06±0.25 ㎏/㎝ 2, the egg albumen height is 7.17±0.11㎜, the degree of egg yolk color is 7.18±0.86; the hartz unit is 72.63±5.76. The albumen height is related to the hartz unit significantly( P<0.01); the eggshell thickness is related to the the eggshell strength(P<0.05).(4) A comparative study of the method of melanin extractionCompare the extraction yield of melanin between enzyme extraction and in combination with hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The extraction yield of melanin used papain is 0.312 ± 0.006mg/g, and the extraction yield of melanin used papain combined with hydrochloric acid is 0.324±0.004mg/g. The measure that used papain combined with hydrochloric acid is better.(5) Study on the value of health care of the melanin in Chishui black-bone chickens.Choose 240 mice, divided into 4 groups randomly. Group A is the control group.According to the body weight hdaily gavage Group B, C and D ordinary melanin0.001g、0.002g、0.003 g every 20 g body weight except the basal diet on everyday. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks, determine the body weight of each group. Determine the observe weight loading swimming test, bearing hypoxia test, the thymus indexand spleen index determination, the determination of lysozyme activity, CAT activity and GSH-Px activity. Determine the TBARS test. Determine the The rate of living lactic acid bacteria that ombined the melanin under ultraviolet irradiation. Determine the ICP-AES of melanin, research its aggregation of mineral elements.The results show that the mice of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group, explain that add melanin can promote early growth and development of mice. The swimming time, hypoxia tolerance, the lysozyme activity,CAT activity and GSH-Px activity of the mice of experimental group were higher than the control group. The result of ICP-AES is melanin can gather Ca, Fe, Al, Cu, Mn,Mg, Zn, Mo.But there is no significant differences in the thymus index and spleen index in mice among the four group.In the test, The results show that melanin can promote early growth and development of mice,the weight loading swimming time. The result of the lysozyme activity shows that melanin has some nonspecific immunity to mice. The rise of hypoxia ability, CAT activity, GSH-Px activity and TBARS test shows that melanin has antioxidant function. The test of the lactic acid bacteria that combined with melanin under ultraviolet irradiation shows that Melanin is the function of UV radiation.